俄语听力考试备考资料精选11
Basic Words & Expressions
Greetings
Hello! Здравствуйте!
Hi! Привет!
Good morning. Доброе утро.
Good day. Добрый день.
Good evening. Добрый вечер.
How are you? Как вы поживаете?
How's it going?What's up? Как дела?
Fine, thanks, and you? Хорошо, спасибо, а вы?
Not bad. Неплохо.
Introduction
Let me introduce myself. Разрешите представиться.
I want you to meet ... Познакомьтесь с...
... my wife. ... моей женой.
... my husband. ... моим мужем.
I am very happy to meet you. Очень рад.Очень рада.
My name is John. Меня зовут Джон.
What is your name? Как вас зовут?
Where are you from? Откуда вы?
I am from the USA. Я из США.
And you? А вы?
I am American. Я американец.Я американка.
Welcome! Добро пожаловать!
Thank you very much. Большое спасибо.
You are very kind. Вы очень добры.
The Russians use an equivalent word for Mr.- господин (ga-spa-DEEN) (male), for Mrs. and Miss - госпожа (ga-spa-ZHA) (female) only on governmental or formal occasions. Today one normally uses person's first and middle (patronymic) name together or, upon better acquaintance, just the first name. But if a person is older than you, you should always use his/her name and patronymic together.
Parting
I must be going. Я должен идти.Я должна идти.
Good-bye. До свидания.
Good night. Спокойной ночи.
So long. Пока.
Hope we’ll meet again. Надеюсь, мы ещё увидимся.
General Vocabulary
I don’t speak Russian. Я не говорю по-русски.
I speak only a little Russian. Я немного говорю по-русски.
I understand. Я понимаю.
I don't understand. Я не понимаю.
Speak slowly. Говорите медленно.
Repeat, please. Повторите, пожалуйста.
Yes. Да.
No. Нет.
Perhaps. Может быть.
Certainly. Конечно.
That’s good. Это хорошо.
That’s bad. Это плохо.
Please. Пожалуйста.
Thank you. Спасибо.
Not at all. Не за что.
You are welcome. Пожалуйста.На здоровье.
I'm sorry.Excuse me. Извините.
Help! Помогите!
Oh! Aх!Ой!
Oops! Ё моё!
I я
you (addressing one person) Вы (formal, polite form)ты (informal form)
English pronoun "you" corresponds to two Russian pronouns - ты (ti) and Вы (vi). Вы is used either if you address a person, who is older than you, or if you just want to emphasize that you respect him/her (official tone). When people see each other for the first time they also should use Вы. During the conversation they both may start to say ты after a while.
he он
she она
it оно
we мы
you (addressing several persons) вы
they они
here здесь
there там
this это
that то
now cейчас
not now нe сейчас
later позже
soon скоро
Interrogative Words & Expressions
Who? Кто?
What? Что?
Which? Какой?Который?
"What, what sort of" in singular мasculine is какой (ka-KOHY), in singular feminine is какая (ka-KA-ya), in singular neuter is какое (ka-KO-yeh), аll genders in plural is какие (ka-KEE-yeh)."Which, what particular one or ones" in singular мasculine is который (ka-TO-riy), in singular feminine is которая (ka-TO-ra-ya), in singular neuter is которое (ka-TO-ra-yeh), аll genders in plural is которые (ka-TO-ri-yeh). See details in our Grammar Reference Book.
When? Когда?
Where? Где?
Where from? Откуда?
Why? Почему?
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