会计考友 发表于 2012-7-3 12:10:56

2012同等学历申硕英语复合句常考知识点二

知识储备
1. 简单句、并列句和复合句的基本定义和用法
(1) 简单句:句子只含有一个主谓结构,而句子各部分都只由单词或短语表示,具有五个基本句型。
①主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语),例如:
He gets up at six every morning. 他每天早晨六点起床。
You must leave now. 你现在必须走。
②主语+系动词+表语(状语),例如:
Their method of counting is different from ours. 他们数数的方式和我们的不同。
The soup tastes good. 汤的味道不错。
③主语+谓语+宾语,例如:
She is writing a letter. 她正写信呢。
I saw that man again yesterday. 昨天我又看见那个人了。
④主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,例如:
His grandfather gave him a bicycle on his birthday. 他爷爷给他一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The young lady teaches us maths. 那位年轻的女士教我们数学。
⑤主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,例如:
I thought him a very suitable person for that job. 我认为它是那份工作的合适人选。
We heard someone knocking at the door. 我们听见有人敲门。
(2) 并列句:由两个或者两个以上独立的主谓结构组成,通常由并列连词连接。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and,but,or,nor,so,therefore,yet,however,for,hence,as well as,both...and,not only...but also,either...or,neither...nor,(and)then等。
例如:
Hurry up,otherwise we will miss the train. 快点,要不然我们就赶不上火车了。
It´s raining outside,so you needn´t go to work today. 外面下雨了,今天你就不必去上班了。
Make up your mind,and you´ll get the chance. 打定主意,你就能得到这次机会。
Hurry up,or you´ll miss the flight. 赶紧吧,不然你就赶不上飞机了。
在这里应当特别注意一些常用的并列连词的用法和规定:
①not only...but(also)关联两个分句时,带有否定词not only的分句中,如果not only出现在句首时,句子的语序要用部分倒装的形式。
②for是并列连词,表原因关系时不能置于第一个分句的句首,只能将其置于逗号之后、第二个分句的句首。例如:
(错)For he is ill,he is absent today.
(对)He is absent today,for he is ill.
③两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore,then,yet可以和并列连词连用。
(错)You can watch TV,and or you can go to bed.
(错)He hurt his leg,and so he couldn´t play in the game.
(对)He hurt his leg,and therefore he couldn´t play in the game.
④although可与yet连用,但不与 but连用。
(错)Although he was weak,but he tried his best to do the work.
(对)Although he was weak,yet he tried his best to do the work.
(3) 复合句。
①概念:一个主句加上一个或多个从句构成,从句充当句子的某一成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语、同位语等。例如:
Everyone will not forget the day when those young men died. 每个人都忘不了那些年轻人去世的那天。
What I want to know is how many people will be present. 我想知道的是多少人能来。
②从句的概念:主句是句子的主体,从句是句子中一个相关的成分,但不能独立成句,虽然它有主语和谓语。引导从句一般是关联词的功能在起作用。在复合句中,从句可做主语、宾语、表语、定语及状语等成分。根据其所做成分及特征,可分为名词从句、定语从句和状语从句。而名词从句又包括主语从句、宾语从句及表语从句,也可以包括同位语从句。
③常用关联词。
在英语中常用的关联词有如下几种:从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、关系代词及关系副词等。
第一,从属连词:that(无词义),if(假如,是否),whether(是否),although(虽然),because(因为),since(既然,自从),before(在……前),after(在……后),as soon as(一……就),as long as(只要),when(当),as(表示原因,表示伴随等)。
第二,疑问代词:who,which,what,whose,whom。
第三,疑问副词:why,when,where,now。
第四,关系代词:who,which,whom,that,whose。
第五,关系副词:when,where,why。
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