托福阅读历年真题精选20
The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history, presents astriking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains: the maria (dark
lowlands) and the terrace( bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability
of reflecting light ) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two
(5)terrains might have different compositions, and this supposition was confirmed by
missions to the Moon such as Surveyor and Apollo. One of the most obvious differences
between the terrains is the smoothness of the maria in contrast to the roughness of the
highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters; the highlands are
completely covered by large craters( greater than 40-50 km in diameter), while the craters
(10) of the maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the Moon’s
craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the Moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic
pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth-based telescopes can resolve
objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of
(15) craters, combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the
understanding that the Moon is covered by a surface layer, or regolith, that overlies the
solid rock of the Moon. Telescopic images permitted the cataloging of a bewildering array
of land forms. Craters were studied for clues to their origin; the large circular maria were
(20) seen. Strange, sinuous features were observed in the maria. Although various land forms
were catalogued, the majority of astronomers’ attention was fixed on craters and their
origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as
they increase in size. Small craters with diameters of less than 10-15 km have relatively
(25) simple shapes. They have rim crests that are elevated above the surrounding terrain,
smooth, bowl-shaped interiors, and depths that are about one-fifth to one-sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
41. What does the passage mainly discuss?
What astronomers learned from the Surveyor and Apollo space missions
Characteristics of the major terrains of the Moon
The origin of the Moon’s craters
Techniques used to catalogue the Moon’s land forms
42. The word ”undergone” in line1 is closest in meaning to
altered
substituted
experienced
preserved
43. According to the passage, the maria differ from the terrace mainly in terms of
age
manner of creation
size
composition
托福阅读历年真题精选20
44. The passage supports which of the following statements about the Surveyor and Apollo missions?</p>They confirmed earlier theories about the Moon’s surface.They revealed that previous ideas about the Moon’s craters were incorrect.
They were unable to provide detailed information about the Moon’s surface.
They were unable to identify how the Moon’s craters were made.
45. The word ”vast” in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) special
(B) known
(C) varied
(D) great
46. All of the following are true of the maria EXCEPT:
They have small craters.
They have been analyzed by astronomers.
They have a rough texture.
They tend to be darker than the terrace.
47. All of the following terms are defined in the passage EXCEPT
Moon (line1)
reflectivity(line3)
regolith(line16)
rays(line19)
48. The author mentions “wispy marks” in line 19 as an example of
an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
a characteristic of large craters
a discovery made through the use of Earth-based telescopes
features that astronomers observed to be common to Earth and the Moon
49. According to the passage, lunar researchers have focused mostly on
the possibility of finding water on the Moon
the lunar regolith
cataloging various land formations
craters and their origins
50. The passage probably continues with a discussion of
the reasons craters are difficult to study
the different shapes small craters can have
some features of large craters
some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed
页:
[1]