历年托福考试语法真题全面解析42
6. Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter ---.(A) than cane sugar does
(B) does cane sugar
(C) cane sugar
(D) than cane sugar
答案：D
测试点：比较句式.
分析：看到比较级的sweeter一词，就应在答案中寻找以than开头的形式，即(A)和(D)．(A)中动词does与比较级前半部分系词不一致，而答案(D)是省略了系词is．的正确形式.
解题要点；比较级结构要求前后比较的两部分句子结构一样，应然，助动词(do，does，did)及系词(be)在后半部分可以省略.
7. Ground plans and contour maps of the Earth ---from aerial photographs.
(A) can be drawn
(B) can draw
(C) to draw
(D) drawn
答案：A
测试点：谓语／被动语态.
分析：空格前是名词性成份，所缺为谓语动词．空格后有from短语，说明谓语动词应为被动态，故选(A)．(B)为主动态；(C)(D)都是动词的非谓语形式分词，前缺助动词.
解题要点：空格后出现from或by的短语，动词常常是被动态.
8. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert ---over art.
(A) influence worldwide a great
(B) a great worldwide influence
(C) influence a great worldwide
(D) a worldwide influence
答案：B
测试点：词序。
分析：exert的宾语应是名词influence，应在答案中分辨哪个是以influence为中心词的词，即(B).
解题要点；多个形容词修饰名词时词序排列是有规律的．其中心词名词位置一般在最后，冠词在最前面．其间的多个形容词则依与中心名词的修饰关系的强弱而从后往前排列．此句首先强调的是一个全球性的影响(world wide influence)然后再说明这个“全球性影响”是巨大的(agreat worldwide influencc).
9. ---millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way.
(A) It is estimated that
(B) An estimate that
(C) That is estimated
(D) That the estimated
答案：A
测试点：形式主语／复合句。
分析：空格后为完整的句子，空格前可能是短语或句子。(B)(D)都是不完整的结构；(C)与后文之间无连词，故选(A)．It是形式主语，that后的从句才是真正的主语.
10. The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ---the plants grow.
(A) which
(B) which in
(C) in which
(D) in
答案：C
测试点：介词+which结构.
分析：空格后为主谓完整的定语从句．In which=where(介词+关系代词=关系副词)，用来修饰先行词soil，表示地点.
解题要点：关系代词which在宾语从句中，应承担其主语或宾语的身份．如从句中主语、宾语俱全(或如此句grow为不及物动词，无需有宾语)，则应考虑用关系副词，或其变形介词+which。此形式为TOEFL常考题型。
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