历年托福阅读必考的加试题六套全（六）
一、 托福阅读加试:蜜蜂（貌似很少考到）Entomology（昆虫学）
蜜蜂的沟通模式 讲小蜜蜂。分为honeybee和 worker bee。讲了 honeybee是怎麼寻找蜜源和如何告诉同伴蜜源的位置的。开头先说蜜蜂和termite 白蚁与很多Species不同，他们是 social。蜜蜂是一个是由社会分工合作的动物（有题问他们有什麼共同点），交流因此就变得很重要（有题）。然后科学家们就开始用他们的聪明才智研究小蜜蜂了。开始以为是 honeybee是靠 scent交流，然后某德国科学家研究发现scout用舞蹈来告诉工蜂蜜源的远近，远的用八字舞，近的用圆圈舞。他因此获得炸药奖。交流的内容靠跳8字舞或者circle区别distance，而不是食物的类别（有题） 。原来 发现蜜蜂找到窝以后跳舞是指示foodtype，后来发现morethanthat。跳舞还指示出了directionanddistance。跳舞分两种一种是nectar 花蜜 dance 另一种pollen花粉dance，有一道题问这个的，nectar是跳圆圈舞，pollen是跳8字舞。但是一直有科学家怀疑这个说法直到1989年，一些科学家为了验证他的理论做了machine bees 模仿scout，就是不去有食物处（这里有考题问机器蜜蜂和其他小蜜蜂有什麼不同），发现robot使用这些动作果然可以向工蜂有效传递资讯。采蜜只是跳舞来做一些指示。最后发现了小蜜蜂带回来的资讯和wind 无关（这里有考题问except 的问题，其他选项是direction, distance 还有一个忘了）
Bees
Flowersprovidefoodforbees.Thebeescollecttiny grainsofpollenandasweetliquidcalled nectarfromthe blossoms they visit. They make honey from the nectar, and use both honey and pollen as food.
Duringtheirfood-gatheringflights, bees spread pollen from one flower to another, thus pollinating (fertilizing) the plants they visit. This enables the plants to reproduce.
The honey bee colony
A typical honey bee colony is made up of one queen, tens of thousands of workers, and a few hundred drones 雄峰.
Honey beeslivein hives. Thehiveisastoragespace, suchasahollow 空的treeorabox,whichcontainsa honeycomb蜂窝.Thehoneycombisa massofsix-sided compartments隔间called cells.
Workerbeesbuildthehoneycombofwaxproduced bytheir bodies. The wax oozes渗出throughsmallpores (holes)inthebodyandformstinywhiteflakesonthe outside of the abdomen.
Theyalsocollectastickysubstancebeeglue,from certain kinds of trees.
The body of the honey bee
Abeehasfiveeyes-three small ones that forma triangleontopofitshead, and a large compound eye on each side of its head.
Honey bees were the first insects known to be able to distinguish colors. Bees have three kinds of color-sensitive cells in their eyes. These visual cells are especially sensitive to blue, yellow, and ultraviolet rays, which humans cannot see.
The sting of aworkerbeeisstraight,withbarbs (hooks) on it. When the bee thrusts the sting into flesh, the barbs hold tight, and the stinger 蛰针pulls out of the bee's body.
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