会计考友 发表于 2012-8-15 00:26:22

TOEIC 阅读重中之重的指导

 新版多益测验阅读部份的Part 7中,单篇文章的阅读测验大约考七至十篇文章,回答二十八个问题;而双篇阅读的阅读测验,则考生须看完四组的两篇文章五个问题,共有十篇文章、二十个问题。总计阅读测验的部份,大约是十五至十七篇文章、四十八道题目。在七十五分钟之内,要答完句子填空四十题、短文克漏字十二题(三或四篇文章),再加上单、双篇阅读,这「份量」对欠缺阅读经验的考生,未免太沉重了!然而,如何减轻这沉重的负担呢?那得靠养成不断地阅读的习惯才行!   国人的英语学习,多半只重逐字逐句的文法解析和翻译,倾向死气沉沉而被动的阅读方式——就是要有老师讲解一句,才懂一句。这样就算完全看懂了,充其量也只是sophomore(半瓶醋、半壶水)。殊不知阅读的乐趣可以从主动的阅读中获得,进而增进我们的理解力——就是让文章、书本直接引领我们!
  笔者就此简单地来谈一下「分类的阅读」——藉着阅读养成逻辑思考的能力,和判定文章属性的知觉。
  一般阅读文章可分成五类,即Question-Answer Pattern(问答型)、Opinion-Reason Pattern(意见理由型)、Substantiated Facts Pattern (证实事实型)、Sharing Experience Pattern(分享经验型)、Imparting Information(告知资讯型)。笔者一一说明如下:
  ? 问答型(Question-Answer Pattern)
  此类文章通常在标题或第一段开始,作者便摆明了所要讨论的问题,叙述问题症结所在。接着,便自问自答,讨论解决之道,或只说明问题发生的原因、现象,让读者去思考解决的方法。例如底下这篇短文——
  Which is more valuable? To provide a $100,000 heart transplant for an ailing child of indigent parents? Or to use that money for prenatal care that may enhance the life expectancy of fetuses being carried by 120 expectant mothers? Surely the leader of the democratic capitalist world can afford both. Yet a growing number of health experts argue that the most developed countries, in fact, no longer has the financial resources to provide unlimited medical treatment for all those who need it. The only solution, they say, is rationing health care.
  哪一种较有价值?为贫穷父母的生病小孩,提供十万美元的心脏移植手术?或者,把同样的金钱花在产前照顾,而可能提高一百二十位孕妇对胎儿生命的期待?当然,民主的资本主义世界的领导者,有能力负担以上这两者。但是,愈来愈多的医疗保健专家认为:事实上,大多数已开发国家不再有财力,提供给所有需要的人无限制的医疗照顾。他们表示,唯一的解决之道,就是定额分配的医疗保健。
valuable a. 有價值的,有用的 transplant n. 移植 ailing a. 生病的 indigent a. 貧窮的 prenatal a. 產前的 expectancy n. 期待,期望 fetus = foetus n. 胎兒 expectant a. 即將生孩子的 capitalist n. 資本家 afford v. 能堪,提供,付得起 unlimited a. 無限制的 treatment n. 治療,待遇 solution n. 解決(方法) rationing a. 定量分配的
  Which is more valuable ~ expectant mother? 便是作者点出的问题。至于解决之道,则作者提出专家们的意见:rationing health care。
  关于健康保险的医疗制度,一向是各国政府芒刺在背的棘手问题;是该站在人道的立场考量呢?还是顾虑健保照护的合理性、公平性?这是值得看完以上这篇短文的读者们深思的一个问题。若看完后,不加思索,则只能增加我们的资讯,却不能增进理解力。即使是阅读八卦新闻(gossip news),也该作一番思考才对。
  意见理由型(Opinion-Reason Pattern)
  1998年,美国总统Bill Clinton和白宫女实习生Monica Lewinsky「轰动武林、惊动万教」的性丑闻(sex scandal)曝光之后,在司法调查和共和党提出的弹劾案下,Clinton虽然「满面豆花」,却也惊险过关,未被定罪,这是史上有名的Zippergate(拉链门丑闻)。此一事件中,Clinton总统以一场简短而令人动容的电视演说,为这件不光彩而煽情的丑闻,划下了休止符。且让我们欣赏一下这篇精彩的演说词--
  Clinton’s Speech to American Public
  “Good evening. This afternoon in this room, from this chair, I testified before the Office of Independent Counsel and the grand jury.
testify v. 作證,證實 Independent Counsel  (美)獨立檢察官 grand jury  大陪審團
  “I answered their questions truthfully, including questions about my private life, questions no American citizen would ever want to answer.
  “Still, I must take complete responsibility for all my actions, both public and private. And that is why I am speaking to you tonight.
  [笔者按]美国人最忌讳去探人隐私(personal privacy),Clinton则表示愿意回答有关私生活的问题,且又肯负责。您看!多么坦荡荡、多么伟大!
  “As you know, in a deposition in January, I was asked questions about my relationship with Monica Lewinsky. While my answers were legally accurate, I did not volunteer information.

  “Indeed, I did have a relationship with Miss Lewinsky that was not appropriate. In fact, it was wrong. It constituted a critical lapse in judgment and a personal failure on my part for which I am solely and completely responsible.
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