历年GRE考试真题精选系列三十四
My objective is to analyzecertain forms of knowledge, not in
terms of repression or law, but in
terms of power. But the word power
(5) is apt to lead to misunderstandings
about the nature, form, and unity of
power. By power, I do not mean a
group of institutions and mechanisms
that ensure the subservience of the
(10) citizenry. I do not mean, either, a
mode of subjugation that, in contrast
to violence, has the form of the rule.
Finally, I do not have in mind a
general system of domination exerted
(15) by one group over another, a system
whose effects, through successive
derivations, pervade the entire social
body, The sovereignty of the state,
the form of law, or the overall unity
(20) of a domination are only the terminal
forms power takes.
It seems to me that power must be
understood as the multiplicity of
force relations that are immanent
(25) in the social sphere; as the process
that, through ceaseless struggle and
confrontation, transforms, strengthens,
or reverses them; as the support that
these force relations find in one
(30) another, or on the contrary, the
disjunctions and contradictions that
isolate them from one another; and
lastly, as the strategies in which
they take effect, whose general design
(35) or institutional crystallization is
embodied in the state apparatus, in the
formulation of the law, in the various
social hegemonies.
Thus, the viewpoint that permits one
(40) to understand the exercise of power,
even in its more "peripheral"
effects, and that also makes it
possible to use its mechanisms as a
structural framework for analyzing the
(45) social order, must not be sought in
a unique source of sovereignty from
which secondary and descendent forms
of power emanate but in the moving
substrate of force relations that, by
(50) virtue of their inequality, constantly
engender local and unstable states of
power. If power seems omnipresent, it
is not because it has the privilege of
consolidating everything under its
(55) invincible unity, but because it is
produced from one moment to the next,
at every point, or rather in every
relation from one point to another.
Power is everywhere, not because it
历年GRE考试真题精选系列三十四
(60) embraces everything, but because itcomes from everywhere. And if power
at times seems to be permanent,
repetitions, inert, and self-
reproducing, it is simply because
(65) the overall effect that emerges
from all these mobilities is a
concatenation that rests on each of
them and seeks in turn to arrest
their movement. One needs to be
(70) nominalistic, no doubt, power is not
an institution,. and not a structure;
neither is it a certain strength we
are endowed with; it is the name that
one attributes to a complex strategic
(75) situation in a particular society.
The author’s primary purpose in
defining power is to
counteract self-serving and confusing
uses of the term
establish a compromise among those who
have defined the term in different ways
increase comprehension of the term by
providing concrete examples
demonstrate how the meaning of the
term has evolved
avoid possible misinterpretations
resulting from the more common uses
of the term
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答案：(E)
According to the passage, which of
the following best describes the
relationship between law and power?
Law is the protector of power.
Law is the source of power.
Law sets bounds of power.
Law is a product of power.
law is a stabilizer of power.
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答案：(D)
Which of the following methods is
NOT used extensively by the author
in describing his own conception of
power?
Restatement of central ideas
Provision of concrete examples
Analysis and classification
Comparison and contrast
Statement of cause and effect
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答案：(B)
With which of the following statements
would the author be most likely to agree?
Power tends to corrupt; absolute power
corrupts absolutely.
The highest proof of virtue is to
possess boundless power without
abusing it.
To love knowledge is to love power.
It is from the people and their deeds
that power springs.
The health of the people as a state
is the foundation on which all their
power depends.
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答案：(D)
历年GRE考试真题精选系列三十四
The author’s attitude toward thevarious kinds of compulsion employed
by social institutions is best
described as
concerned and sympathetic
scientific and detached
suspicious and cautious
reproachful and disturbed
meditative and wistful
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答案：(B)
According to the passage, states of
power are transient because of the
differing natures and directions
of the forces that create them
rigid structural framework in which
they operate
unique source from which they emanate
pervasive nature and complexity of
the mechanisms by which they operate
concatenation that seeks to arrest
their movement
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
It can be inferred from the passage
that the author believes the conflict
among social forces to be
essentially the same from one society
to another even though its outward
manifestation may seem different
usually the result of misunderstandings
that impede social progress
an inevitable feature of the social
order of any state
wrongly blamed for disrupting the
stability of society
best moderated in states that possess
a strong central government
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答案：(C)
The hypothesis of an expanding
Earth has never attracted notable
support, and if it were not for the
historical example of continental
(5) drift, such indifference might be a
legitimate response to an apparently
improbable concept. It should be
remembered, however, that drift too
was once regarded as illusory, but the
(10) idea was kept alive until evidence
from physicists compelled geologists
to reinterpret their date.
Of course, it would be as dangerous
to overreact to history by concluding
(15) that the majority must now be wrong
about expansion as it would be to
reenact the response that greeted the
suggestion that the continents had
drifted. The cases are not precisely
历年GRE考试真题精选系列三十四
(20) analogous, There were serious problemswith the pre-drift world view that a
drift theory could help to resolve,
whereas Earth expansion appears to
offer no comparable advantages. If,
(25) however, physicists could show that
the Earth’s gravitational force has
decreased with time, expansion would
have to be reconsidered and
accommodated.
历年GRE考试真题精选系列三十四
The passage indicates that onereason why the expansion hypothesis
has attracted little support is that
it will not
overcome deficiencies in current
geologic hypotheses
clarify theories concerning the
Earth’s gravitational forces
complement the theory of continental
drift
accommodate relevant theories from
the field of physics
withstand criticism from scientists
outside the field of geology
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
The final acceptance of a drift theory
could best be used to support the argument
that
physicists are reluctant to communicate
with other scientists
improbable hypotheses usually turn out
to be valid
there should be cooperation between
different fields of science
there is a need for governmental control
of scientific research
scientific theories are often proved
by accident
————————————————————————
答案：(C)
In developing his argument, the
author warns against
relying on incomplete measurements
introducing irrelevant information
rejecting corroborative evidence
accepting uninformed opinions
making unwarranted comparisons
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
It can be deduced from the passage
that the gravitation force at a point
on the Earth’s surface is
representative of the geologic age
of the Earth
analogous to the movement of land
masses
similar to optical phenomena such
as mirages
proportional to the size of the
Earth
dependent on the speed of the Earth’s
rotation
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答案：(D)
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