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[理工类英语] 2011年职称英语理工类词汇:不定式1

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发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:50 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
二、不定式
! Q$ b+ D# ~5 f8 t1、动词不定式形式:(to)+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征;否定式:not+(to) do) q! `9 v" M" X; h8 g& E
2、不定式的句法功能:
+ P9 K- b8 [. ^$ `  [  l% s$ Q(1)作主语:8 ^) }/ O  {3 M1 j
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard。
6 H7 L& V+ J* Q" OTo lose your heart means failure。+ c) A; f' R% j7 n$ W1 _) N
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
% j, B( _1 H! {* T8 T( j$ |0 WIt is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes。
* I% l: l6 p7 j6 e$ KIt means failure to lose your heart。8 ~0 A+ h8 z9 z' d
常用句式有:9 o; I6 n, U. M% M- t2 Z# y. x4 l
1、It+be+名词+to do。
( j: X& z/ F6 B: o8 i& ?2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。7 N. k" k( u2 B+ q1 M
3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。
# R# I' S! B  T5 R; q4 q4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。' s8 y; v& i% y  g
常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb。可作其逻辑主语。& X- e. e8 I: O
(2)作表语:
( a* Q. l: N) F$ ^5 {2 oHer job is to clean the hall。9 u  U" }3 D( n4 o* q
He appears to have caught a cold。6 m% d7 ?! k! Y0 }, d
(3)作宾语:
, x" Z3 F: m, s9 s. c常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:' x5 x: T* i; [) l1 q% E& z5 s- U
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如: I have no choice but to stay here。
% r5 C+ Z% }6 M$ j. q* W( dHe did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike。
8 ]: @1 S! K+ g! J: s动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English。% N4 T) M5 a1 M3 ~& a2 V/ }* ^
(4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite。/ E( S* V+ r* l
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema。
! R2 D1 n/ x1 W7 [: G有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. /He was seen to cross the road。
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