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[理工类英语] 2011年职称英语理工类词汇:不定式1

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发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:50 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
二、不定式1 ?3 B6 G' A: K) ]
1、动词不定式形式:(to)+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征;否定式:not+(to) do
; |; K* o7 t/ W/ h% e. B% w; _* {2、不定式的句法功能:8 ?) i: D# p. \7 s" D
(1)作主语:$ J: N9 M/ t. g) D9 E. j
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard。
5 A4 r' N( i  j+ o/ m* n: e" C: ?8 }+ sTo lose your heart means failure。1 K, G' U, Q; m3 I" |  }/ [
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:; M% z* o% E  \/ H/ p, X. c
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes。/ T$ v! t/ P. z2 x: n8 z
It means failure to lose your heart。
3 z6 L+ O, M( Z! B& L" A3 u9 Z常用句式有:
! N8 W) |  W8 i3 ^. p1、It+be+名词+to do。7 a4 q) Q7 p, y5 R7 A" b$ H9 f' Q
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
, g% W& e- e( s) F( P3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。9 ^7 |; z" o! e# ~' Z
4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。
0 B" ?7 E8 u1 S常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb。可作其逻辑主语。
- t9 w- j4 {, r# U, d, R- ~(2)作表语:
: w4 w* L* D  n! dHer job is to clean the hall。& s; V. k4 Y% i' v  ], T; A3 _
He appears to have caught a cold。3 ?0 G: `# `5 P! W; k' n
(3)作宾语:
2 b& m: R/ K0 p1 r( i. |) _常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
2 E' M! f% E5 o) f5 ?& YMarx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如: I have no choice but to stay here。
& ]8 Z6 O; `6 ]9 sHe did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike。2 A5 ^7 o' W1 {; z, R. ?  s) r& f
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English。
8 K$ k: p6 O/ o- r/ F3 Y(4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite。
! P! _8 r1 k. _! H+ [5 ]此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema。
; {+ s$ B. i- ]7 D2 E有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. /He was seen to cross the road。
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