2011年职称英语理工类词汇：不定式1

会计考友

二、不定式
1、动词不定式形式：(to)+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征;否定式：not+(to) do
; |; K* o7 t/ W/ h% e. B% w; _* {2、不定式的句法功能：
(1)作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard。
5 A4 r' N( i  j+ o/ m* n: e" C: ?8 }+ sTo lose your heart means failure。
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes。
It means failure to lose your heart。
3 z6 L+ O, M( Z! B& L" A3 u9 Z常用句式有：
! N8 W) |  W8 i3 ^. p1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
, g% W& e- e( s) F( P3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。
4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。
0 B" ?7 E8 u1 S常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb。可作其逻辑主语。
- t9 w- j4 {, r# U, d, R- ~(2)作表语：
: w4 w* L* D  n! dHer job is to clean the hall。
He appears to have caught a cold。
(3)作宾语：
2 b& m: R/ K0 p1 r( i. |) _常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
2 E' M! f% E5 o) f5 ?& YMarx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here。
& ]8 Z6 O; `6 ]9 sHe did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike。
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English。
8 K$ k: p6 O/ o- r/ F3 Y(4)作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite。
! P! _8 r1 k. _! H+ [5 ]此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema。
; {+ s$ B. i- ]7 D2 E有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road. /He was seen to cross the road。