国银行的作用
8 f2 k; i4 g6 ? Overview of the Banking Industry in China
- R8 Q* r0 b- |; \8 x6 n/ c I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China
) F; x" g/ x9 ~- ?) M2 H0 g+ i 1.Although banks share many common features with other profit-seeking businesses, they play a unique role in the economy through mobilizing savings, allocating capital funds to finance productive investment, transmitting monetary policy, providing a payment system and transforming risks.5 C, [( G. n" _. r- Y; R( A
尽管银行与其他以盈利为目的的企业具有许多共同的特征,但它在国民经济中还发挥着特殊的作用。银行可以动员储蓄,为生产性企业投资调配资金,传递货币政策,提供支付系统,转化风险。
1 n, e& |7 o+ ~! E% u2 v (1)整个第一段是由"连词although……"引导的主从复合句(让步状语从句),意为"虽然;纵使;尽管……但……"。+ r7 r: L& ]0 _. [
through介词,后面跟了几个并列的"动名词短语",有mobilizing…,allocating…,transmitting…,providing…,transforming…。
[% U9 x j2 f- k& | (2)the banking industry in China
8 g4 c8 D j+ }& R } banking:银行业, x4 `! U% ^4 D
例:the banking industry in China:中国银行业+ D+ L' j) n) r E5 Z
the banking sector:银行业# m o& _! y$ `7 ~
a banking crisis:银行业危机7 M2 K- P3 ~" N$ Z. A
banking hours:银行营业时间9 H! Q5 w5 Z. A
industry:①产业4 n9 a: B3 {2 E9 ?- n- L" I
例:primary industry第一产业;初级产业(从事初级原材料,如煤炭、木材、农产品等生产的产业)
: I+ Q6 Z" f% w! t9 g3 H$ o9 S secondary industry第二产业;次级产业(从事利用初级原材料生产加工制成品的产业). h% d/ A) ]- o# R: D: O
tertiary(service) industry第三产业;服务行业(不生产原材料,也不生产加工制成品,而仅提供服务的产业,例如银行业、零售业、会计工作等)
2 m( v; `/ J r! g! i2 \) a2 b7 n ②行业: m6 r3 g. ?# Q, N2 Y1 Q
例:advertising industry:广告业: Q( K# o& q, X1 f* D# H
the insurance industry:保险业
( D5 f+ H; P- S, H. G- [7 C2 z ③sector:部门;部分# R! c5 i" W6 m1 I6 [ v1 @3 h
例:All sectors of the economy suffered from the rise in the exchange rate.
7 V. u* T: L. A 所有经济部门都受到汇率上升的影响。# j" [" g1 j# O# h- m$ G
public sector:政府部门;公营部门
% E( e) P2 O/ F: J( B, G$ i private sector:私营部门
( r( t1 x: e6 e. p$ l (股票市场的)行业;按行业(如银行业)分类上市股票
+ R$ i% v; J/ H (3)share common features:具有共同特征
! a- j) A% _7 O4 @ share: have a share:(share in sth):共有;分享;分担
6 [) d* m0 j% L5 c 例:to share losses(expenses):分担损失(费用) l7 x; I- I6 b- U, ?+ K0 \( W5 z, V! N
to share the blame(responsibility):分担过失(责任)4 r# |+ i. C0 Q$ u5 X; V
to share in profits:分享利益! U& k) k' Y( m- h
(4)profit-seeking business:以盈利为目的的企业0 Z) e- x9 c1 J
business: shop; commercial enterprise,etc:商店;工商企业等5 H! Y4 N; ?# P/ p4 ?2 t9 D
(5)economy: ①(instance of) avoidance of waste of money,strength or anything else of value:节约;节俭
+ N- `" M) n$ Y/ p5 Y% ~ 例:to introduce economies(economy measures) into the system:实行节约措施# [- \7 I6 c+ b
economies of scale:规模经济(通过增加产量来降低成本,提高利润)
5 X, v& D' [" | L, x4 a" ? ②system for the management and use of resources:经济(制度),一个国家的经济状况(一个国家的财政金融状况,一个国家赚钱、用钱的方式)
: |4 I( o& ^# M- F+ A5 r 例:controlled economy:受政府控制的经济
" @; i5 J: K( R- E free market economy:自由市场经济(政府对经济不进行任何形式的干预的经济制度)
) @4 _5 g; e, N9 N5 Z5 V$ E8 h& ^ global economy:全球经济
- q% u: l. f4 `1 M) c' ?1 @7 C \ mixed economy:混合经济(既有国有工业也有私人企业的经济制度)4 z$ Y& q! U, ^8 \1 N
planned economy:计划经济(政府对所有经济活动进行计划的经济制度)7 J% F! ?7 ~ O8 K
(6)to mobilize savings:动员储蓄
* g/ t5 l; x1 I$ x1 [5 K mobilize: v.collect together for service or use:动员(尤指战胜敌人的动员)
- O0 W7 ^# O6 [/ I; y5 i. b8 j 例:to mobilize capital
( z* @! V/ M" c! n, r/ h1 ~& v* { N 慕集资金以支持某事2 k) `+ c( X5 L$ Y* {
to mobilize resources to defend a takeover bid5 l$ k. F- Y/ Q/ V
求得股东等的支持以阻止公司被收购
; U& C+ @& ` P& ` (7)allocate capital funds to finance productive investment为生产性企业投资调配资金
" |6 [+ |) v: N. W allocate (to/for):give,put on one side, as a share or for a purpose:按计划分配;配给
" c7 l& ?5 ^* L! }( }& W1 U2 w* d) E 例:to allocate shares:分配股份(将可供股票数目在大批申请购股人之间进行分配)
6 ^9 W1 b; W$ g* }. k to allocate capital funds:分配资金;调配资金6 h" j0 y- [3 s9 M( H- U
We allocate 10% of yearly revenue to advertisement.我们把10%的年收入用于广告。4 D: m5 E' Z, S1 T& p4 y7 X
(8)finance: vt.provide money for (a scheme,etc):v.提供资金' C- c% q1 E/ y1 }/ b
例:to finance an operation:为一项目提供资金, }& `7 T0 m$ j
(9)capital funds:资本金;资金
* k2 T" \3 E$ v4 r) _& g# `5 v N* \ 例:capital assets:资本资产(公司拥有并使用的房地产或机器等)
/ j f! P# u' f. p, O7 s% h! O capital goods:资本品,生产资料(用于制造其他产品的商品,如机器设备等)% W. i5 @( Q% T+ T, H9 V) A4 t1 P
capital profit:资本盈余,资本利润(资产变卖所得利润)0 U7 L6 g5 ~' [# o- ]0 i
(10)monetary policy:货币政策
" I: A3 _2 i, S" }/ L. ] monetary: a.of money or a currency:货币的;通货的
& Y" L" Q0 a, O0 N6 W/ w, F 例:monetary control:货币控制(控制货币供应量)
$ f0 U& c- W+ e the government‘s monetary policy政府的货币政策(与金融有关的政府政策,如货币供应量、银行利率、政府支出与借款)
5 z& q# L7 `" m( M monetary standard:货币本位(为货币固定比价,如把货币的价值同一定量黄金挂钩、称金本位制) |