Overview of the Banking Industry in China
: E5 e# _9 Z& e c I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China6 D! |, F J& _+ v5 V2 }, I" }
Paragragh 5 (P1)
8 r4 S' b+ ~) X7 k6 l1 l 1.Fourth, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems.
7 a2 z2 S1 h2 R 第四,银行部门为现代财政和企业体制的发展提供必要的国家支付体系。
3 ]/ {6 k; j% s! e (1)the indispensable national payment mechanism:必要的国家支付体系/ g6 v& n1 g5 C6 v, E! P
indispensable:a.不可缺少的;绝对必要的
4 |: M+ v$ o" g- P1 L1 i. m0 F mechanism: n.way in which sth works or is constructed:机制;结构
' a1 `6 W% r1 e) T: q 例:competitive mechanism:竞争机制
" v* x8 ?0 W1 m5 \2 r exchange rate mechanism:汇率机制
2 N( ?/ E1 i1 m6 g market mechanism:市场机制
$ c4 j* `; |! `0 Z price mechanism:价格机制2 ?( ?: W+ [0 e" |
mechanism of exchange:交易机构* n% ~ _& T4 G
mechanism of government:政府机构, d( [0 z9 z, @7 k* y
(2)modern financial and business systems:现代财务制度和工商企业体系 Paragragh 67 D' A+ ?) n0 j4 t. ~+ u* S, g: t* A
2.Fifth, the banking system as a whole reduces risks through aggregation and enables them to be carried by those more willing to bear them." x) k. l% ^% v; j/ p0 Q* \$ x7 H
整个银行体系采用集中风险的手段来降低风险,使那些更原意承担风险的人去承担风险。6 [" `$ G% z7 W5 y' X" U y/ o! {
(1)aggregation: n.聚集;汇集(风险)
' q, K/ v( u; U7 D$ Q aggregate: v.bring or come together in a mass聚集;汇聚1 N8 `7 ]9 }: T5 U9 _
them:此处指“风险”
& c& Y+ {6 n' L$ i8 A5 c carry them (risks):负担(具有)风险$ G4 t/ S7 J. ^+ C1 O
carry: v. involve;entail:具有;使负担
' B2 ?$ V- {/ X6 B3 a* F5 ^6 j 例:The loan carries 3.5% interest.该贷款负担百分之三点五的利息。
; f) D0 c* G( ^( A( ^ (2)(those persons) (who are) more willing to bear them:更原意承担风险的(那些人). J" F, t, `2 B2 I v
由(who are) willing to bear them定语从句(简化为分词短语)修饰前面的those (persons)。
" ^: n) |# K+ `* u& k% n bear: v.endure承担;忍受, Y+ z7 x& z1 ]
Paragragh 75 S: W. t7 d- @
3.Following five decades of evolution, particularly more than two decades of reform and opening to the outside world, China's banking sector has entered a stage of vigorous development.5 d+ Y, M8 V9 s+ S. N
中国银行业经过50年的发展,特别是经过20多年的改革开放,已经进入了一个蓬勃发展的阶段。
0 I5 t! F+ F, N9 v8 Q; r2 ` (1)decade: n.period of ten years:十年的期间
E% p0 q' G- U) i% r- T (2)evolution: n.process of opening out or developing:发育;发展
5 G% _* @8 r# H( y7 J (3)reform and opening to the outside world:改革开放: @5 f: W+ A& @, a: p
4、The past few years have seen marked acceleration of China's banking reform, particularly significant strengthening of the central bank’s capacity for supervision and microeconomic management.
N, S9 y1 H: p' R8 n$ m 在过去的几年中,中国银行业的改革速度显著加快,特别是强化了中央银行的监管职能和对宏观经济的管理职能。) }4 O- l1 K& ^% t+ H7 k
(1)strenghen: v.make or become strong(er)加强;强化1 _8 m6 r' e& |5 `" g+ z
(2)capacity: n.ability能力;职能, ~9 U) N/ C' g
(3)supervision: n.监督;管理
' a0 c' ^) n0 p# J7 G9 z) G supervise: v.watch and direct监督;管理;指导
. o6 S q- i: B. ]5 z0 o (4)microeconomic management:宏观经济管理
+ y1 r; k( d6 _% ]( w (5)openness: n.open+ness
9 @1 j8 W7 R: [$ i Paragragh 8- K q8 J) D1 n+ M, c; h, c4 l
5. The evolution of the Chinese banking system can be broadly divided into three phases.
6 x6 B# P+ c' D; `: p0 {% G 现代中国银行业体制的发展演变大体上分为三个阶段。, S( R& r* m1 `( ^3 Q
(1)phase: n.stage of development:阶段;时期/ U/ O: M% v& W% K
6.The establishment of the People's Bank of China (PBC) in December 1984 marked the beginning of the first phase, which was characterized by a mono-bank engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations.
: _; J; L' G5 ^0 w+ P 这个阶段以中国人民银行由既从事政策性银行业务,又从事商业性银行业务的单一银行(制度)为特征。
9 s# X* {. @4 b3 R4 M 本句为由which引导的非限制性定语从句,对主句作补充说明。
! d* o3 l4 @; W: h (1)be characterized by …:以……为特征8 r0 J4 y+ t0 Q% b; Q# ]! e
(2)mono-bank (system):单一银行(制度)" Z6 ]4 k7 L0 R* x1 x
mono-:(字首)表示“单一”之意。
4 e2 ~- O. {' x: v (3)由engaged in …过去分词短语修饰前面的a mono-bank (system)。" a" c/ r. J7 o; R0 m' U" i# J
6.It is dictated by highly centralized planned economic system.4 F! ?8 {2 _0 e/ [
这种体制是由高度集中的计划经济体制决定的。
5 W }/ Q$ n8 e (1)highly centralized planned economic system:高度集中的计划经济体制0 f1 ^# d, d4 J8 g' o
(2)dictate: v.口授命令;支配 |