拆句法和合并法:$ \4 Z0 L/ L/ l4 _
这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:
, _0 n2 A- W @8 b+ L (1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
* J8 P. `. D% _9 T4 A6 E 同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。(在主谓连接处拆译)& a" u* s- v/ C# Y7 s3 A
(2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.& J# e6 a0 E; A, ]6 Y$ Y
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译); L, p6 Q, R' c$ @6 y/ b. _5 m
(3)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account
+ q3 t6 s- M0 O3 I 英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)
- G/ T" J Z4 X: Y* X9 I6 K$ G (4)中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
! n7 w& I5 Y( }$ A r8 A China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses |