第二,“和为贵”的历史传统是推动中国东盟关系前进的动力。 “和为贵”乃中国传统文化的基本理念。“和”即不排斥不同,亦即承认世界之多元化合多元性,不能党同伐异,要求做到“万物并育而不相害,道并行而不相悖”。封建时代,以“和为贵”指导思想的中国东南亚“朝贡—宗藩关系”曾维系着东南亚地区的和平与安宁。明代,郑和下西洋将“和为贵”精神推向了最高境界。当前,尽管世界格局已风云变换,但中国仍然坚持“和为贵”的传统理念,提倡“和而不同”,坚持和平共处五项原则,并在“以邻为善,以邻为伴”的方针上,提出“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的政策主张。中国支持东盟在地区合作中起主导作用,提出“以发展为中心,以促进共同繁荣,构建和睦关系,维护和平稳定,以合作为途径,实现互利共赢”。
; B) c6 h1 Q# k5 C Secondly, the historical tradition of “harmony is the most precious” drives forward the Sino-ASEAN ties. “Harmony is the most precious” is the basic idea of Chinese traditional culture. “Harmony” denotes the acceptance of differences, i.e. to admit the diversification of the world, to oppose “being narrowly partisan” and to realize the ideal of “all living creatures grow together without harming each other; ways run parallel without interfering with one another”. In feudal times, peace and tranquility was maintained through the “suzerain-vassal” relations between China and Southeast Asia under the guiding ideology of “harmony is the most precious”. In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He escalated this ideology to its supreme state during his voyage to the oceans to China’s west.
) x0 y# B0 u, ^" L. t {1 ]6 z Nowadays, although the world configuration has been undergoing constant changes, China upholds the traditional idea of “harmony is the most precious” as before, advocates “harmony without uniformity”, persists in the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, and implements the policies of “creating an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood” on the basis of building good neighborly relationships and partnerships. China is in support of ASEAN to play a leading role in regional cooperation, and proposes to “facilitate common prosperity, build amicable relations, maintain peace and stability with the center on development, achieve mutual benefits through cooperation”.) z; f' S+ g5 V# `2 Y$ G, M5 V4 p( w
然而,由于意识形态的差别及中国实力的增强,东南亚国家对中国忧虑渐增,“中国威胁论”在东南亚仍有市场。近来,随着部分东南亚国家拉拢美国在南海问题上对中国施压,中国始终倡导的“和为贵”的文化传统遭到东盟国家的误解,“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的周边外交政策面临挑战,中国作为负责任大国的国家形象遭到损坏。! J, z/ `: V0 ^0 t% C& K, m
However, because of the ideological differences and the growing power of China, Southeast Asian countries are becoming warier of China, the “China-threat” theory still holds a position in Southeast Asia. Recently, with some Southeast Asian countries roping in the United States to exert pressure on China in the issue of the South China Sea, the cultural tradition of “harmony is the most precious” that China always carry forward is misunderstood by some Southeast Asian countries, the foreign policy for peripheral countries of “creating an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood” is challenged, and the national image of China as a responsible major country is damaged.
3 I# C m- P) P' D 实际上,并非所有的东盟国家都视中国为挑战和威胁。以马来西亚为首的东盟国家就相当认可中国“和为贵”的外交理念。马来西亚总理纳吉布曾指出:“早在 600多年前,郑和就率领强大的明朝船队多次到达马六甲,但他们没有侵占这里的一寸土地,反而给马来人民带来了先进的文明,为两国人民播撒了友谊的种子。”印尼总统苏西洛也称赞:“ 600年前郑和船队到印尼是和平友谊之旅。”
8 D3 @ p3 N( y; N As a matter of fact, not all ASEAN countries view China as a challenge and a threat. Some ASEAN countries led by Malaysia express their approval for Chinese foreign policy of “harmony is the most precious”. Malaysian prime minister Najib Tun Razak once remarked, “As early as over 600 years ago, the Malacca Strait saw the arrivals of the strong fleets commanded by Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty. But they never intruded a single piece of the local land, on the contrary, they introduced advanced civilization to Malaysians, and sowed the seeds for friendship between the two nations.” Indonesian president Susilo also heaped his praise, “The arrival of Zheng He’s fleets to Indonesia 600 years ago is a journey of peace and friendship. |