Italian and English differ in their usage of adjectives. Italian descriptive adjectives are usually placed after the noun they modify, and with which they agree in gender and number.
5 f& D: {$ }6 ^0 g COMMON ITALIAN ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -O
~* N" d; K6 d9 o* u# I allegro
2 M# W. ]5 \, I3 a! [5 n* c0 K/ v cheerful, happy1 a% x2 {8 T5 j# C# o
buono( H; h+ |! e. W* z
good, kind
$ T9 {8 Y' {) m4 a) H cattivo
3 L) y0 E5 ~& |" H$ c9 s bad, wicked
4 ?9 V9 ^3 a, K; ]9 [/ A freddo2 C5 `$ E/ V8 \: N; T+ H
cold% G2 v# J4 |) ~
grasso/ J; {! [. }' m6 R+ R
fat8 T# o- z0 x! W/ t& P) ~
leggero
7 L# c5 ~) o! @. d) N; m" N light/ H4 P% u- Q7 h; m; G) o
nuovo/ }& d1 n W$ U. Q8 F* {$ H+ L. b5 s
new4 B: Z! ^8 f) C" ^- ?1 ^ ~8 O
pieno8 e5 ^, F* S1 K) k' Q
full
+ g/ r4 K! Y( Y% W2 w7 p stretto
w3 u# ?' Q% y% R: v- I narrow
9 [$ ~. c7 H! H( m2 a; H timido
2 t6 J5 \+ M8 S timid, shy, L; P+ {6 h5 x9 X# h- M
Adjectives ending in -o have four forms: masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, and feminine plural. Observe how the adjectives nero and cattivo change to agree with nouns they modify.
' T+ q1 m6 h# M: P/ h ENDINGS OF -O ADJECTIVES
# _) {7 \& P; p, r; O SINGULAR
+ P. @- H9 o% m0 ? PLURAL
% S$ M% k0 c$ R4 s6 j2 c# y0 V il gatto nero (the black cat, masculine)
! C' E6 ]9 m8 f/ n i gatti neri (the black cats, masculine)
( ^% b; K' T0 f la gatta nera (the black cat, feminine)1 f: k( B3 B6 C- p! e
le gatte nere (the black cats, feminine)
3 g8 x+ f- H6 E; s, ^& [" M il ragazzo cattivo (the bad boy)! P5 o% q. J! E, W8 m8 F
i ragazzi cattivi (the bad boys)
" O3 ]" v% [1 V: C0 R5 ^ la ragazza cattiva (the bad girl)
" U; k. L6 I) x/ Y# H ^+ q( V: H le ragazze cattive (the bad girls). s7 ?+ c( d- u' `3 d, d+ ^0 i
Note that when an adjective modifies two nouns of different gender, it retains its masculine ending. For example: i padri e le madre italiani (Italian fathers and mothers).
% E! q4 _1 u) y Although the majority of Italian adjectives have four forms (as in italiano, italiana, italiani, italiane) there are exceptions. Not all Italian adjectives have a singular form ending in -o. There are a number of adjectives that end in -e. The singular ending -e changes to -i in the plural, whether the noun is masculine or feminine./ ~# H0 j, D+ ]# D
ENDINGS OF -E ADJECTIVES* F5 S& l: ]! j P" f
SINGULAR; W e7 a0 X8 G. m% m0 p' F
PLURAL
% v, Y, n5 h" A D% Q il ragazzo triste (the sad boy)" f) |' j) ~+ [' P$ r* B4 V
i ragazzi tristi(the sad boys)( R+ S3 s: F6 J' F' D
la ragazza triste (the sad girl). M* e7 o# K' d- B) q
le ragazze tristi (the sad girls)
" Y* c% N# T/ x1 } ITALIAN ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -E0 G+ M( t1 x2 C( \, @) U& D8 H, l
abile" D2 e0 c1 v9 J2 a$ L4 `
able
/ M$ Q% u# O. f- N" @: I) u difficile ^% n) b4 y `: ^3 }) T* P, z
difficult
: |$ {# W- Q. V ? I/ S( B( [* t( O felice
$ v2 {0 @4 B8 ]: O happy
& s# R' X/ M' W" D forte9 y f9 w, @1 ]5 c5 I# f* ^6 s. c
strong* a' m; V/ T! u% c7 L# a
grande
+ a. r/ U4 {1 Z' i+ l big, large, great1 w% s; m, R/ c& B/ }; S
importante
8 @' ^0 }9 n6 C H% R( `% p important
: _2 ~ J% `/ W9 B$ H1 t8 W- @ intelligente3 Q7 \8 I( s7 M- f0 O
intelligent. Y, @" d/ k$ _$ ~- ?
interessante2 \; F; U% Z- A v/ W, Y- T; O8 w
interesting
4 i! b+ Y& }8 z0 c1 G triste
, w1 H7 U$ ~5 T$ A sad
3 d; t, ~0 q u8 k veloce1 z5 c' ]7 I. e* q0 L
fast, speedy
4 } M( B) a* a0 J8 U There are quite a few other exceptions for forming plural adjectives. For instance, adjectives that end in -io (with the stress falling on that i) form the plural with the ending -ii: addio/addii; leggio/leggii; zio/zii. The table below contains a chart of other irregular adjective endings you should know.+ ?; Y1 S& m- @& ~5 t
FORMING PLURAL ADJECTIVES G$ X' o a: j$ r
SINGULAR ENDING5 u. _8 A% S5 a i3 L2 W
PLURAL ENDING
+ l. }/ {" r! S/ X+ u% J1 K -ca" j! }: [: Y( [2 V, l) a
-che
; D7 h* d/ q! b2 C8 s0 Y8 m" a -cia1 J8 I @6 c5 I# h) k
-ce4 t- \: n r' c7 Z6 }; Y
-cio# E* A. H9 d/ \0 k: v$ I
-ci
7 r* ?0 u5 A$ O) r9 q -co
* x0 Y% p& E+ f" ]" t! v8 q -chi
! x& G% E4 j, `: M. c8 e6 T -ga9 V* i* C, L9 p
-ghe
7 R0 J6 p) Q3 E -gia2 G* x& i/ ?0 |8 K7 ~- n
-ge- t8 Y0 m8 m& h U. s" f
-gio: S1 u. C) _% w1 M6 B, W+ q1 x
-gi
$ m( r/ M( }& j/ V0 e0 `( j1 L -glia
- u: a8 J" E1 E+ q/ h( Y -glie$ L' l. i. |/ M9 p: q: q1 z/ S
-glio
8 J9 u ?- |7 Y7 @( d: l% t$ l -gli$ g( B: [8 r0 W4 {
-go3 O' W1 `4 }. s ^9 v
-ghi
" p3 j9 Z6 ^8 E* g7 T; q: R -scia
: |9 u" @* w6 o% |; ~ -sce, H& S$ z3 L: J8 P! N5 `
-scio( u( q/ V- C- P/ l* c* Y& }& H
-sci |
发表于 2012-8-17 13:41:37
