The imperative verb forms are used to give orders or advice, to urge strongly, and to exhort. It is a simple tense—in the sense that it isn't compound—and has only one form, the present. Furthermore, you can address your command only to an informal form of "you": tu or voi, depending on whether you are talking to one or more people.
$ X9 e& z& i7 V7 a* QWhen conjugating a first-conjugation Italian verb, the familiar singular (tu) command is the same as the third-person singular (Lei) form of the present indicative, and the plural voi command is the same as the voi form of the present indicative (see the table below).
* f6 Y9 N& R- \; z2 w) Y2 b* Y: YFIRST-CONJUGATION VERB IMPERATIVES/ q) ?2 z+ h3 l$ d3 l2 u* V7 ?/ e; b
INFINITIVE
3 ?; }: y! o' t( c5 ` TU9 E, o% e$ {+ F' x7 B
VOI
* S& U5 F0 G H% z* ?4 x$ ?& U7 ^cantare
7 q% Y5 X2 l' y6 a( X" G Canta!
/ Y% r+ F6 U; U; @; n Cantate!" o, @ N7 c: y' N" f
mangiare* Q6 v' A! w8 ]- _0 I, O
Mangia!4 Q6 y, t+ ?* R* I' i$ H& S
Mangiate!
, E5 N f# Q# Z9 E3 ~3 W6 }parlare6 S- \4 m* V- e- s0 c1 A/ R
Parla!7 ` E0 D! L9 d0 j
Parlate!
# G6 ~+ a! {7 f1 t" lThe familiar commands for regular -ere and -ire verbs are the same as the tu and voi forms of the present indicative (see the table below).
" Q& i7 p# _, B, LSECOND- AND THIRD-CONJUGATION
' C# D4 D" l+ yVERB IMPERATIVES) q, k6 Q- X$ G1 _
INFINITIVE
; R5 ?* }9 F _% F0 X& l7 H TU+ a0 I: x: D: A/ x# }; N
VOI" B9 r) b2 e% p5 d! a0 Z5 I
dormire5 E5 A! N: C9 l
Dormi!
5 o. c+ M, v/ S+ e) g Dormite!
& O2 ^% U: y% n8 b; p4 Pfinire. T$ l. S3 t6 A
Finisci!7 X5 P" p1 H5 H. z- @/ q) O1 l
Finite!6 L9 y3 r8 m! ?: _! c* x2 v6 s
pulire
' A# ~" }: ?/ r Pulisci!. [8 p6 u7 A" w9 e2 q
Pulite!# ]9 _7 m, i6 R$ o0 `/ D6 f; d
salire
3 ]7 @- Q1 ?& w& r Sali!3 y% k* c* D3 [/ A/ I P3 C
Salite!
: v! Z( d9 _* a! ]! C6 k7 Oscrivere
7 G' }/ t$ ?( T+ R, { Scrivi!$ u1 t/ E: {0 B! [0 a; v1 y' ~+ k
Scrivete!3 N/ k- z" A/ f; s0 H6 r
vendere
2 ?, W' J; f: u. E" C8 ~ Vendi!
2 o4 @; q6 h/ B8 w3 Q4 k# j Vendete!
/ w8 R: j1 Y5 SAlthough the imperative conjugation has a form you're already familiar with, there are some Italian verbs that have irregular forms for the familiar commands in the tu and voi forms (see the table below).
( J6 x H# {4 x @# v" w1 mSECOND- AND THIRD-CONJUGATION& y; H7 i5 U* @
VERB IMPERATIVES; D& \1 C# K! F# ^
INFINITIVE
1 a$ t; Y2 \# Q0 e TU
( z/ D. @) B3 S) h; O( [; }" ~# X# J VOI
& q) {$ G9 r" Kandare (to walk)
. e$ p0 o) a4 O Va'!( |5 R; [: g4 y, u9 l5 F
Andate!0 }: F m: m T4 x
avere (to have)
8 p+ @$ V5 s" b! b. j! M! l Abbi!
" @' {# N0 p: x5 w q, r4 \ Abbiate!
+ A: R! D' D5 }% Q. Bdare (to give)
( Z( i% q$ K# c5 b5 H Da'!! {0 I/ Q' G) }
Date!7 J$ V5 }0 u, ]% Z. [! ]7 N! O
dire (to say, to tell)
! U1 @) _3 G* U2 s5 y Di'!) M+ i1 z+ a1 `4 _& ?: n2 S
Dite!
3 z4 A# M3 k( A; r- i! a0 _; _essere (to be)
\- i$ R3 {. F. u& S! J+ m2 `% \ Sii!
* ~, I3 c0 a6 ~3 c- A/ ? Siate!
0 D0 u7 I- `$ |3 x! ^1 n1 Q. ofare (to make)
- ?; [% G6 G" ]* P; N+ @ Fa'!
5 e. T$ d6 g, A0 m _' p Fate!
2 W K3 m" M y) `sapere (to know)
& W2 K; k! P) s/ ]) K2 S Sappi!$ p6 p& }9 _" S q& [5 C- z
Sappiate!
9 |. ^6 L& y% O! | P7 h$ Nstare (to stay)
" I" j+ \$ _# O6 m Sta'!
+ q0 A& s. ^9 @+ {$ q State! |
发表于 2012-8-17 13:41:37
