2. 根据比较关系猜测词义
9 g1 g" k% H8 X" V: @ 同对比关系相反,比较关系表示意义上的相似关系.; U; I# K/ w9 I0 z, j1 m) M
例如:Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。, n2 h1 \) O9 E6 b6 l
表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly,like,just as,also等。9 R$ k. C2 g6 x
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3. 根据因果关系猜测词义
4 C( D; J% Q2 \& T3 ?6 d 在句子或段落种,若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。# U( X# e4 F ]" f( M1 H
例如:Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.根据原因状语从句的内容,我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。
5 _$ U2 {8 ]' m3 A8 g# z There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow hisway through the crowd.此句为结果状语从句,根据从句的描书“许多示威者”,我们便可推知elbow的词意“挤,挤过”。9 ^% c- g- T/ E$ I% L
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4. 根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义/ \) d9 w. O3 K4 q- w
在句子或段落种,我们可以利用熟悉的词语,根据语言环境推断生词词义。# Z$ b. y( A# ~
例如:Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 作者为避免重复使用endanger一词,用其同义词jeopardize来替代它,由此推知其词义为“使. . . 陷入危险,危及、危害”。 m" _; W3 r5 t+ h/ h0 A- F. P
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. Theyalso regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental四个生词,但判断出harmful替代detrimental后,不难推断出其词义为“不利的,有害的”。 |