需要注意的是:同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other,say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。2 @5 ]7 W2 d# o
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定语从句Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder,a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings. 根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出SAD含义,即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。7 u4 H0 {. p' R, v$ \3 |
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根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,例如:The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were inthe past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的 大致词义“重要的”,这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。8 x$ d ~ J- L7 U8 h
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二 内在逻辑关系
) }( @9 b& D. { 根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系,然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。
& N8 S) P$ {7 r+ @" N6 z" W( D1. 根据对比关系猜测词义
8 x! }9 `* z! w$ J$ l, S& W 在一个句子或段落中,有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述,我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。
. ?( B' J. N1 U0 A& N 例如:Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast,is quite humble and modest.该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词,但是句中短语in contrast,(相对照的,相对比的)可以提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦虚)是对比关系。分析出这种关系后,我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的,傲慢的”。
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表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike,not,but,however,despite,in spite of,in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。, ?6 a% U' k. H+ F& H
/ Z; l' x, G3 } A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.该句中并未出现上面提到的表示对比关系的词或短语,但是通过上下文可以判断出句子前后是对比关系,即把熟练工人与非熟练工人区分开。这时我们也能够推断出生词adept的词义,“熟练的”。 |