7. 在表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词,如arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest, beg, move(提议)后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形,should 可以省略,而引导宾语从句的that 不能省略。例如:
0 x+ _! s/ {# ^6 k* K We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
* z- d1 r8 t; Z) T5 Y3 M We insisted that they (should) go with us.# i" z: b& H+ g# I
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.+ Y, f6 M) ~+ X- _
He demanded that we (should) start right away.+ Y X& | b' H" H
The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be bombed.2 n: |# z/ g$ P2 R) c* o
The villagers requested that the old building not be pulled down.
( I. Q/ w4 c' J8 z/ e2 b Now let’s do some translation:
! z7 F9 Q+ X; g& k9 T5 Q 总经理坚持该项目必须按计划执行。& ?: x7 w8 T6 {3 Y
The general manager insisted that the project be carried out as planned.
9 Q3 |1 I3 T e$ U5 o 省长请求再给他一次机会。9 y. g4 P1 p1 G- U/ c
The governor requested that he be given another chance.3 O* N; n! a+ I! `7 s7 N" `
美国要求伊朗必须无条件放弃其核武器计划。
' L- r( B' Q! C r8 |+ } The United States demanded that Iran should unconditionally give up its nuclear weapon program (program to develop nuclear weapons): q/ {( E1 {7 d% N3 J1 c9 J$ D
最高法院裁定此案必须重新审理。
1 F/ _- I6 g( b; r# N# E9 v! z The Supreme Court ruled that this case be retried.9 x- o4 ?) Y$ ^/ t4 ?+ N1 r
医生建议,即使在节假日人们也不应该熬夜。
0 Y4 z5 A9 ?) M0 s Doctors suggest that people should not stay up late even on holidays./ h5 F8 d) {& @- m& x$ Z
注意:suggest 表示“暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Insist后面强调的是事实时,宾语从句也不用虚拟语气。如:
0 j6 o8 _) [- q0 x# \) C. I. Y The neighbor suggested that his wife was having an affair.. r+ M/ V' D( @0 P% @: I
He insisted that he was right.+ x* y; n% G& i' g: F
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
1 U# |5 |0 R g- H, s; t 8、使用上述表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词派生的名词,或在这些动词用作名词时,名词之后的从句用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形,should 可以省略。从句的引导词that 不能省略。这与上述第7项类似。如:. }( s& |- b7 k, p" |
He made a request that he (should) be allowed to take 3 days off. = He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off.
0 }' K% a" ?% h4 C3 C9 @% b Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized. = We suggest that education not be industrialized.
7 r0 j Y. J* C! V6 d P The president’s decision is that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time. =The president decided that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time.! j6 {$ A7 M! {2 k2 u/ B ^
9、上述动词在It is suggested that…, It is required that…, It’s requested that…, It’s ordered that…, It’s arranged that…句型中,that 之后的从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用should+动词原形, should 可以省略,但引导词that 不能省略。如:& N. D/ y F; q& b; _9 Y
It was suggested that he attend the conference.
2 S: ~: h: O2 g9 f It was requested that the trial be openly reported. V! P8 Q- m$ ^) q$ y+ f
10、在It’s important (imperative, necessary, essential, vital, desirable, advisable, better) that…句型中,that 引导的从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用should + 动词原形,should可以省略。这个句型表示说话人的意见、要求等。" t7 y/ N" Z( k" f2 [% j' _( j
For example:, J& {; L& N# G9 u
It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter.
6 x9 X Q* }' `$ G [! S- ` It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.
- [: G4 o6 i* \5 w1 m" n3 }+ j It is imperative that the board chairman be present at the board meeting.
$ l6 f0 [7 F/ i 另外,在一些习惯用语中也有虚拟语气的形式。但最好把这些习惯用语作为一种句型来记住。如:2 i( @% Z% u1 d4 \$ a6 I8 q8 F
May you be happy!& x' X9 ^' X% F( D' p, T) ]
May you succeed!
" r1 f# q2 u. v0 l! b+ K5 f Long live the People’s Republic of China!
( ^0 [+ b* O# b8 W Everybody leave the room!
. N/ I* o/ ^" @2 l( K You had better not resign.- }4 Q+ K# N. B
I would rather not tell you.+ d* ~4 q; ?9 l; B/ R b) s/ I
总之,虚拟语气是英语中的一个难点,因为虚拟语气的用法和句型较多,动词的变化比较复杂。在学习的时候要逐个过关。同时,也要善于发现虚拟语气的规律。根据动词的变化,大致可以把虚拟语气分为三种:7 F: V( W) s) D) U) w
一种是动词用过去式,过去分词式,或过去将来式,这主要是用if…, wish, suppose的情况;
# Z- A0 e: a" u P# E( l 一种是动词用should+动词原形(should可以省略),这主要用于表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词或名词后面所接的从句,以及It is important (necessary) that…后面所接的从句;
2 F: T% r G7 ?' Y/ a! ?6 f E 一种是动词用过去式,如It is (high) time (that)…和I would rather 后面的从句。同学们还可以自己总结适合自己的规律,如把虚拟语气句型可以分为用于简单句、条件状语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、定语从句、同位语从句等。 |