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[四级词汇语法] 2012英语四级语法讲义大全:非谓语动词用法对比一

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
知识要点:
, b% \0 t1 t  c; Z4 b' i4 P一、不定式与动名词做主语: % _. b! I/ U: Z9 |" Y9 u/ {. I
1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如: ; g; g, `7 _& R7 x2 U6 g# }
Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
7 M& b" |! X' ^6 X' CIt’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 , }' G* M' o; ^  I% O. g/ p
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有: 8 F& t+ v6 b* w3 ~
(1)It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do - Y* p" }/ q5 |% O5 _) p9 U5 S5 Y5 D
(2)It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
  Z' Y, W3 K/ p7 }/ m  u) V5 r3、常用动名词做主语的句型有: 8 V, g7 ?1 N/ N( \) A, P
It’s no good (use, fun) doing. : a7 m& ^$ n* V
It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing. 5 m( X+ j, ?# _9 W" V7 b# M
It’s worth while doing. 4 o# D6 f9 h: P9 C7 G# X
二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语: 0 l* y3 K* @8 }
1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
1 q1 k" N3 C) SHis teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。 9 `% T4 X6 W, U8 |
2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释,这时主语与表语位置可以互换,动名词常用于口语中。
( g: G* {) v* C2 W  i/ D4 qIts full-time job is laying eggs. 它的(指蚁后)的专职工作是产卵。
( U6 e& |( g; I6 j; a3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征;进行时表示正在进行的动作。
: e0 O6 {  ^0 u+ P* R. w! @( rThe task of this class is practising the idioms. (现在分词做表语)
6 ~" Q4 e0 N' s5 iWith the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. (现在进行时) / _- Q) W+ Z# c; ~, F0 R1 R
4、常用作表语的现在分词有:interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。 & z+ M0 D# K7 O, d$ n( H" V
The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。
- I$ p& Z5 `8 y, w' p, r' n2 vThe problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。 - q- {6 ^% _$ |# ^9 ]
5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
6 |  c' }) C/ D+ K6 P) C! PThe village is surrounded by high mountains.(过去分词做表语) + }6 g3 S& F4 k" B
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.(被动语态)
$ E# e0 \8 W; }' d: x$ Q$ zHe is well educated.(过去分词做表语) , x1 |7 c' N9 h, ^. W6 M
He has been educated in this college for three years.(被动语态) 8 w* p' F# K; Q; G
常用在句中做表语的过去分词有:used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6 p1 Q  A/ U0 h+ A/ d( k, U6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:interest(使…感兴趣),surprise(使…吃惊),frighten(使…害怕),excite(使…兴奋),tire(使…疲劳),please(使…满意),puzzle(使…迷惑不解),satisfy(使…满意),amuse(使…娱乐),disappoint(使…失望),inspire(使…欢欣鼓舞),worry(使…忧虑)
) y2 E9 R3 g. g, O它们的现在分词常修饰物(有时修饰人),表示主动,过去分词常修饰人,表示被动(包括某人的look、voice等)。例如:
+ ]& n1 t; a2 U( m- L6 C* xClimbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。 ! E9 K! T8 _) M; L
They are very tired. 他们很疲劳 " Q& K& R0 B2 o$ \$ m+ T
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
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