5.介词+关系代词(which/whom等)引出的定语从句 8 p9 |( @3 p6 G( i
如果关系代词(which/whom等)在定语从句中作介词的宾语,那么这个介词可以提到从句前,构成“介词+关系代词(which/whom等)+定语从句”。在这种结构中关系代词不可以用that。 8 h4 d- D6 @! D( B- x
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
. W5 `- ]! _4 r The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people. 9 l, ^- \7 S& f
6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中常可以省略,一般有以下几种情况: $ {, r, D1 `9 \0 `0 ~: T6 P
1) 关系代词在从句中作直接宾语时,在大多数情况下可以省略。
$ N; O0 {4 _; w! d W1 ]/ Z& e2 O This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.
3 s" C1 Q6 F' M The man (whom) you just met is our manager. " R4 \) _9 V6 n. c6 u
关系代词作介词宾语时,介词位于句尾时关系代词可以省略;介词位于关系代词之前时则关系代词不能省略。 6 t- K: r) i# ]
This is the room (which) Churchill was born in. 考试用书! y# n4 [# R% {+ K2 U
This is the room in which Churchill was born.(which不可省略) - K9 {" ^* K8 s
2) 关系代词作主语时一般不能省略,但如果关系代词在由there … be存在句构成的定语从句中作主语时常可省略。
% R4 X* }& M5 z( p This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.
& j) i2 C x0 N. `$ i8 g2 c* m The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research. . y$ Q" [5 s; f0 W: g
3) 在way后面的定语从句中in which或that通常省略。
$ _5 M! ~8 o, A That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it. 6 m7 g; c8 L- B+ T5 E9 x- D5 `; s
I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.
# H6 [) n7 f I: e7 T2 P& r 7.非限制性定语从句 $ v- M8 B: o, e
非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个主句,起补充说明的作用,如果省略掉,原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开,其引导词不能用that。非限制性定语从句属于正式语体。经常考到的非限制性定语从句有以下三种。
: q9 R* H' T- [# l+ O 1) 由which、as引导的非限制性定语从句。which、as代表整个主句。 4 B6 c5 ^' z6 h# d1 A, X. J
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. " q: k3 y7 ~2 q* _ O
China is still a developing country, which is known to all of us.
' e% A/ X- R6 R& @ 2) 由 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
0 B7 E# G% M" [; g- O" g- L He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
' a9 u. B& e# g: C- I8 \ He failed to pass the exam, because of which his parents scolded him.
% G ^7 C+ y- |3 ~( i2 l/ a 4) 由 “数词、代词或名词+of +关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
5 c4 }8 A% S5 K7 Z. D* L/ A He had three sons, one of whom was my son’s classmate. 9 Z! @! |# Q# D, K$ [
There are about twenty students in this course, most of whom are freshmen. 4 k# S: I! a5 K3 Q
They are two different words, the spellings of which are easily confused. |