不定式
% `5 \, e9 p1 ~& o/ w0 n, N 1. 某些动词后要接不定式8 f, o! `8 j* ~/ l
某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语,其中最常用的动词有agree, afford, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, regret, remember, seek, tend, try, volunteer, want, wish等。
4 L2 ]" k5 l; U: B: ^ What do you plan to do tomorrow?
/ x+ N9 L, U. e0 [: _ She hated to move from such a nice village.( u$ K1 _% A" }
In class teachers should try to get feedback from their students
8 S6 F' R$ E' [5 \5 T- D6 s5 k 2. 不定式的被动式
$ @2 z0 x: J4 g* Q& S不定式有被动式,当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式要用被动式,在句中可作主语,宾语,定语,状语,复合宾语等。作定语时,通常表示在谓语动作后将要发生的动作。# s' [$ }0 {) \ m
The last question to be discussed today is how to do the job more efficiently.
0 I8 R( S1 @; K She preferred to be given more difficult work to do.
1 v ?- ~7 ]& X; d" k 3. 不定式的完成式
6 Z. p3 f0 h- @2 ?5 J1 |9 A3 ]当不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,不定式要用完成式,在句中可作宾语,状语以及构成复合宾语,复合谓语。
7 I0 }2 T/ b. b3 v) w$ T She seemed to have heard about the news already.) W- H, `$ M! V
He was believed to have been a very rich man.
, B! m5 T3 ?- Z8 S( H 4. 不定式的完成被动式$ ]/ X! D9 A; B6 P2 O; D
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,且不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,不定式要用完成被动式,在句中可作主语,宾语或构成复合宾语,复合谓语。
* r; G9 h. |. _ The forest fire is reported to have been put out last night.
8 r) {4 c/ A* {8 i* m6 |( ^ It is supposed to have been finished without referring to any reference books.
' f" F3 K6 t' W: w3 @ 5. 带逻辑主语的不定式短语8 N) d& d4 w% N8 ?# Z
不定式可以有逻辑主语,其构成形式为“for +代词的宾格(或名词) +不定式”。 带逻辑主语的不定式短语可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或状语等。 L$ t# S- O) R6 N) W
It is not easy for you to catch up with them in a short time.
1 |9 } E5 U( b6 g5 ~ x& a I think it better for you to see the doctor.
1 \2 ]; ~8 J& E( w) I& L$ i0 } What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.5 a$ f5 Y8 x* I1 ?% ~/ e- M5 h
I sent him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.& X7 n7 \: _: y0 A3 O# K2 S- S4 g
6. 带疑问词的不定式短语
6 E* g) f p3 B2 ] 不定式前可以加某些疑问代词,如who、what、which,或疑问副词,如when、where、how、why等,构成一种特殊的不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或状语等。
# e' x# Y/ `6 r+ G* k9 U4 b How to improve English is often discussed among the students.
/ Y8 }- j& m+ Y* t" h4 H We haven’t decided when to visit the place.: E, U! N; {+ q% L& s9 \; K% c/ a
The most difficult thing in learning English is how to speak the language well.8 D3 F/ m; R$ ^ D- I* A! y9 e% D# v
You haven’t answered my question where to get these books.
0 ^3 J5 Y2 |% w8 U$ D 7. 某些动词后的不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式不带to,这些动词是feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, see, watch等。' ~! }& G4 I) f9 K* F5 E
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere in the room become tense.
6 Q$ R# j: a. w' n I often hear them sing this song. |