有效的句子要有重点,并且要突出重点。句子的重点可以通过下列方法,加以突出:3 J5 i8 p$ [1 B! j- m1 w
1. 把重点摆在句首或句尾. 一般而论,最显眼的位置是在“句尾,其次是在句首,中间的位置最平淡,乏善可陈。例如:
9 e' \" }& q* | (1).Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers' attention.! d- S. r8 q5 _* w( `3 Y( z/ s
(2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilization.1 u8 `# `# h4 D8 |. g/ M
把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法,读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。
^5 y/ M, e/ U) K 2. 在复杂句里,把主句放在从句之后.除了名词从句和形容词从句之外,因为它们位置较固定,副词从句中有几种的位置灵活,可以在主句之前出现,也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前,重点则放在后头的主句,如:; o! v, V6 L# I
(3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.: u5 H- b5 F+ g( L
When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.8 O$ F' `% \1 \- \
副词短语更是如此,如 :
, G. O, J8 T1 }- Z3 V (4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.' N% T$ a- x: x; h+ [8 y6 F
Because of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools.
& p9 ?: m, P$ D+ r9 \& [/ r0 M8 H 3. 把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头,如和:+ [0 W' [; [# Z0 B5 Y& \
(5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera, u D$ \# F) ~, P/ A' W/ U, X
I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.7 R& M0 K" B6 [6 A; Z: i
(6a) That singer's life was tragic and brief.; y8 R0 G% V8 Z; g
That singer's life was brief and tragic. ( \; J! |& [' u1 f+ [. |
4. 把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如:来自www.Examw.com7 h) o" n! g S0 I7 C
(7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.1 }, O$ W$ X% o9 G9 e& t1 I+ C
(8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?! v4 t0 G$ ~' O+ A0 r
5. 必要时,重复重要的语词或概念。 例如:7 W9 ]# f- @6 [) \; D
(9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence.: j; A3 [: t* {& _1 u
(10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.2 [! w# w6 w8 h
6. 尽量用主动语态,因此比(11a)好:
. X x% g% ^3 F( p* o% L; l" U3 T (11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.2 ~( y4 ?* Q, {" K d# |
A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.
3 h& q3 [6 d4 b) d 7. 适当时候,可用倒装句和平行句,如:
1 O& k; i, r4 n; w9 f0 V$ d (12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the center of the dark forest. →6 q+ O1 a' E: W
Here, in the center of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.
3 G% o% b4 c1 J2 @$ m (13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.
: |$ z4 u: l. l0 u1 p7 Z (14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent. |