英语六级：综合改错题三

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二、介词的使用错误
& F% [$ A- s  b. R; x　　介词使用错误是改错题常见的错误类型之一。介词的用法是英语学习中的的一大难点，英语中有相当数量的动词短语、介词短语和固定短语都含有介词。尽管介词本身数量并不多，但是其搭配方式之丰富多变往往使英语考生为之色变。能否准确地运用介词可直接反映出考生的英语基础是否扎实，因此一般考试都会包括这种类型的错误。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是我们最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错及改错上有所突破，我们必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。
　　为获得高分，在改错练习中，务必注意从以下几个方面辨认：①介词与动词的搭配，如： accuse sb. of ， charge sb. from ， prohibit sb. from ， differ from ， contribute to 等； ② 介词与名词的搭配，如： count on ， influence on/upon ， improve on ， belief/believe in ， confidence in ， advantage on ， preference over ， attitude to/toward ， solution to 等； ③ 介词与形容词的搭配，如： different from ， indifferent to/toward ， dependent on/upon ， independent of ， on good/bad terms with ， on the contrary ， by chance ， by turns 等。
7 f5 [  e0 P3 z4 p) c0 F　　下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解：
例 1
The first necessity of child upbringing is a
secure emotional background with parents who
are united in their attitude with children. 1.__________
　　“ attitude toward ” 是表示 “ 对 …… 的态度 ” ，为固定用法，而没有 “ attitude with ” 的用法，因此应该将 with 改为 toward.
6 ^2 a" G  j# a例 2
Unfortunately we have not found complete
solutions with the various problems of our 1.__________
8 G% ^7 m) s! k/ Usociety, such like poverty, homelessness or 2.__________
the growth of crime.
　　“ solution to problem ” 表示 “ 问题的解决办法 ” ，为固定搭配用法，因此应该将 with 改为介词 to ， “ such as ” 表示 “ 例如、诸如 ” 的意思，为固定搭配，因此应该将 like 改为 as 。
, m1 f3 i* h' z) L- X$ ?8 ^例 3
& y. K  F- L3 z/ r2 I3 Y( BMore and more people live in towns and cities
instead on farms and in villages. 1.__________
　　Instead 本身为副词，其后不可以直接接宾语，而应该在后面加上介词 of 。“ instead of ”表示“代替，不是……”的意思。
例 4
His Arab host, who had been watching, said
of nothing, but immediately copied the action of 1.__________
& u! \4 j- d) i' j, Jhis guest.
5 z5 W' l) h5 \% v' o2 v　　动词 say 本身即为及物动词，后面可以直接接上宾语，因此不需要在后面加上介词 of 。这属于介词滥用情形，应该将 nothing 之前的 of 删去。
6 x( p: S! h% h1 b9 A　　通过上述几个例子可以看出，介词的用法灵活多变，且许多为固定的用法或者搭配形式。要想真正克服这个拦路虎，我们需要在平时的学习过程中加以记忆和理解，逐步积累，才可以更好的掌握其用法。

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练习题
1 j( D, L) _3 D1 People realize that, although animals may not have
; ^4 e  I& p' B: F/ @3 j1 rthe same intelligence like human being, they are smart 1.__________
( V: S* d6 V# R" oenough to learn certain things.
2 Marconi, the Italian inventor who gave us radio,
& \0 S. ~9 C# Z" n; p' u% Eprobably didn’t realize what effect his great invention
9 z& ~9 c- U8 t' T: ]0 |! Ewould have for the world in the yours to come. 2.__________
3 Before you make travel in another country, find
0 h+ a4 |) C6 K% C7 a0 Eout much as possible about its manners and customs. 3.__________
You will probably be surprised how different they
can be with your own. 4.__________
4 We are told that the world’s population is increasing
with such a speed that the need for fresh water will be 5.__________
doubled by the end of the century.
5 Immediately before him was a very flat piece
of bread that looked to him, very much as napkin.
6 It is encouraging to note that in recent years, 6.__________
' A6 R0 o. R% b& J- j# xcigarette smokers have been in the decline, especially
among the older people.
2 t9 K1 r1 J0 L3 X- v# ~1 I7 In 1980 black students comprised of about 10 7.__________
/ @$ u# }9 }9 i1 p4 n( Y' opercent of all college enrollments, up from 5 percent
in 1965.
8 The law I am referring requires that everyone who 8.__________
, k: h: P2 \# K. L/ y7 uown a car have accident insurance.
9 But perhaps we should look at both sides of the 9.__________
coin before arriving hasty conclusions.
) `3 I2 t% ~5 T10 Big cities of the world are well-known by their 10.__________
9 q& s7 m  `% Y' Q( h. fnoises.
* _/ v3 k9 I5 l" _; Q答案：
# V. h2 n) |2 X+ t* M1.like -with
2. for-in
3.out前面加as
5 u0 c3 b- ?3 n4.with-in
- A# G) y9 ^1 |+ `$ w" ?+ F5.to-at
" ?  }+ X% ^! s; h2 s, |( |6.encouraging-encouraged
7.of去掉
3 j4 \" v4 Y- K6 [8.referring后加to
& L, s- S2 c" b1 }. M' r9.at-into
) L) b* U+ f8 ?/ ]* a8 O$ v10.by-as