2012年八级改错指导：典型语法错误

会计考友

语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的，大家可以设想一下，一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分，那将得不偿失。因此，认清各种各样的语法错误，尽可能地避免少犯，对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。现将我们在阅卷过程中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类，抽出其中的典型错误，以警示大家，供参考。
" d4 X! D) e: Z/ ^　　1.句子成分残缺不全
% j+ h  K0 z4 _  R, x$ _- H　　we always working till late at night before taking exams.(误)
　　we are always working /we always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
4 X+ O& T4 ?* h　　we should read books may be useful to us. (误)
　　we should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
9 q2 v4 b( x3 E/ k- e" e  n5 ~　　2.句子成分多余
5 j0 r& V( N' S4 b　　this test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
　　one test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
　　the driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
　　the driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
, c3 |) l5 [) S  y8 ~　　3.主谓不一致
% _9 X3 t& n# E4 a# p# ~) o　　someone/somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
2 V* P6 M1 ~$ E( k& J　　some think that reading should be selective. (正)
　　my sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
　　my sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
+ [; P% {% y$ [　　4.动词时态、语态的误用
& t  b2 R) D0 Q4 b- T' \　　i was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
" {, R  y% @1 m' R, i　　i was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
, j8 x, C5 x$ ^0 \& T* Z  Y1 f" ^　　we have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
　　we have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
5 E& t3 ^% S: k# h, V　　i am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
　　i have been studying in the college for two years(正)
　　5.词类混淆
2 l+ Q) m% C  R, t/ |6 B/ o, m  g　　it is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
3 ?! q; |, t+ S4 r7 l　　in my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
' q' w0 K3 a  |　　honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
　　honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
　　the old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
# f" K2 A8 u- U　　the old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)