一篇好文章的条件很多。除了内容丰富和组织紧密之外,词汇的运用和句子的处理,也起着决定性作用。句子可长可短,同一件事,可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句,文章必定很单调乏 味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句,读起来也很费力。
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4 ]# B. W. i$ M9 t- j 最好的方法是以简单句为基础,配合适当的并列 句和复杂句。简单句可长可短,通常要加些附属成分,如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词 短语,以及节缩成分。总之,作者可根据情况,使句子多样化,使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样,但是句式不同,内容重点也有些差别: ) p3 u' `0 @; C$ O; F
(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句(1)+2) 0 `# \0 J2 t. q3 u2 u
(2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句) - Y" |$ W: q6 `9 \
(3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句(1)-(2) )
6 }7 M! D9 a, c (4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语)
/ C; M, C) H' ^5 p (5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句)9 B" N3 ?! `5 ^: L" w4 {
(6) The young pilot was on his first overseas training. ! m5 ]7 H( Q, \& `3 b
(7) He felt very uneasy. , p1 t- L6 ], F# n' l: e
(a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.
$ V/ b3 x. |" C+ U; d$ s$ K (b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training. * f- C7 x/ a: ^
(c) The young pilot's first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.
% ]; r7 e8 \ D. c$ C9 m1 {4 z (d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.
{9 q; h" u ` ]. {5 V$ T" g (e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.
o: ]2 ~* B) y (f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy. 4 ?9 P5 {. Y5 k0 X9 T- w1 M
(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy. ; Y. |/ |( w% L0 b4 D
(h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy. 7 h: v3 [9 p0 E, p9 n
(i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy. ! _5 M3 r; k/ N' B2 C# `2 M0 ]2 z
(j) When the young pilot was on his/first overseas trainging, he felt very uneasy. ) I- m+ \7 T. D* S, p
(k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy. ( [: c {( Q: i3 |7 [
(l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy. 2 b4 r" e! y) G- s, S: _
在上述12个句子中,(a)-(g)是简单句;(h)是并列句;(i)-(l)是复杂句。简单句除(b)和(g)之外, 其他五样,用的人并不多。人们最喜欢采用复杂句,尤其是(j)和(k)这两款;接着便是并列句(h)。如果 大多数人的句子只限于(b),(g), (h), (j)和(k)这五种,而其他的则弃如敝屣,不是很可惜吗? |