Chapter 1 Colonial Period- l- y" B6 q; e7 b0 r# a2 ~
I. Background: Puritanism" `( K) [1 G& ^+ O( q
1. features of Puritanism
5 ^7 p% [) p" h# C5 r9 W& K' U (1) Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.' i$ m1 U8 s; U, [: c1 O& A
(2) Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.
3 Q/ g' y( O" d- }, i (3) Total depravity
/ U' u! T4 g1 h' m) `3 V (4) Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.$ D4 G5 y6 d4 V8 k' B) x
2. Influence
7 |- K0 X! m; q/ j (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature.
) b6 X) ^+ v- O7 t ~# k3 | (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden.
; F! n2 k/ M# p" ]/ { (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.
9 ^7 _6 Y& E: F3 m7 P (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.
Q; k+ Z6 t, [2 g II. Overview of the literature" [6 r: L3 b4 u7 C5 n2 o
1. types of writing! h1 Q" X, H' I; b
diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons M( q% C, ]: R5 v
2. writers of colonial period, q" n: F' _3 X+ s
(1) Anne Bradstreet
' u: X+ w C5 Z/ {5 G) z (2) Edward Taylor
$ x6 _0 F, U1 f3 D, o (3) Roger Williams
3 a3 {3 p8 k$ j (4) John Woolman
$ N# v7 G# _* I: w& X( e (5) Thomas Paine+ e( ^7 r0 B, T$ a8 [
(6) Philip Freneau/ ? b' d6 ? ~, I9 H; V7 W9 _
III. Jonathan Edwards/ J9 X' F1 `. J- Z$ P
1. life& r3 W; F/ A# E" s# K
2. works, |4 U5 W; X- B) O' E$ R
(1) The Freedom of the Will9 ~) Q+ p3 o, X3 p- V
(2) The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended
) x, y! w: w& j L4 |+ o- } (3) The Nature of True Virtue
# {' I `7 \6 r' _' E2 R! d 3. ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism/ }+ Q% a( I3 x4 j: U
(1) The spirit of revivalism4 o8 `$ z6 K9 g; \$ `
(2) Regeneration of man+ L& o, \$ @1 M& `9 I" N* n' K
(3) God’s presence( r0 m# Z0 p1 U4 y g2 D, D
(4) Puritan idealism8 b* {% w8 l7 {- L$ c( ?/ t
IV. Benjamin Franklin
$ r/ @) ~; t! b2 }6 i; D 1. life/ u. X) E% l" W0 y6 A6 R# Z
2. works
# {3 N3 k& f1 p, M5 ^8 i/ h (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac: j6 e4 @7 {6 Q" x( c/ p
(2) Autobiography$ R1 u3 _& ^( }
3. contribution
; C6 t8 ~6 N2 f9 G; ^ (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.
8 }) J3 V$ }4 x1 {" I% Q (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”.
/ Y. N2 }1 j) Q, n (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man – “Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. |
发表于 2012-8-14 11:42:11
