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[考试试题] 英语专业 四级词汇与语法全真模拟练习37

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发表于 2012-8-14 11:54:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  这期我们要来学习情态动词+完成时的用法,当然包括了大家最关心的虚拟语气.   ! q$ z4 l( l; Y4 f
  1. may和might+ 动词完成式, [' A% f) n6 d& }+ A. W$ F5 Y
  此结构用于推测过去的行为。例如:
1 Z" y6 H" S6 C6 {) \3 |  She said that he might have missed the plane.她说他可能误了航班。  
. r8 w$ c6 C# }8 H. R. K  2. can和could+ 动词完成式
3 R' B9 ^4 F9 V) v  A. 表示过去能做而没做的事,有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜。例如:
$ }9 K! p0 P( C) g" T7 q# k  In those circumstances we could have done better.% z. s- J  F" I
  在那样的情况下,我们本来可以做得更好的。(但没有做得更好)- t: a( e% H$ R# l
  B. 推测过去的某种行动。
% c( A3 b8 f' i2 T# U  Where can /could she have gone? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
: d0 h- F& E5 O' _' h" G0 \4 q& O  The boy can't have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.
2 h  R0 w9 {$ g, [7 \) [; h  这孩子不可能那么快就把这本书读完的,因为即使对一个成人来说,这本书也是相当难的。
9 ?# j0 S1 p4 E  Note:/ g5 N1 q3 F; X
  can't和couldn't+ 动词原形可以用来表示否定推断。例如:3 q  q6 j' ]* E# _
  He can't be over fifty.他不可能超过50岁。
5 h' ?) c3 c, G' W  3.must +动词完成式! D) N4 }" a5 H' k2 @4 Y1 \5 ?, r
  表示对过去行为的推断,具有较大的可能性,意为“一定…,想必…”。例如:
$ `4 z1 z. K7 f3 H  She must have gone through a lot.. g: ^' W5 F" r2 ^# J2 B, F
  她一定吃过很多苦。6 e5 a7 B6 c1 A, u2 I( W+ ~- ~
  Note:( ~- N/ _. _' R
  must+动词原形→对现在的推测,must be+现在分词→对未来或现在正在进行的推测。例如:# z  ~# P: u  t1 m" N
  She looks happy; she must be having a good time.  
. w; P5 {. _3 `& }& q  4. needn't+动词完成式和didn't need to do% ]+ O7 O* u: k- }: x. [
  A. needn't+动词完成式表示一种已经做过的但并无必要的行为。例如:
, a0 O  e1 a4 E; O+ |) C: O  You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
4 S' K( K  r6 Q0 i' F$ g1 V5 C; f   你本来不必浇花的,因为天要下雨了。(但却浇了)0 ~( h! N  y+ s
  We needn't have told him the news because he knew it already.
& C: G" x7 O, t' z+ J/ }  B. didn't need (have) to do结构表示没有必要做某事,实际上也没有做。例如:0 J. }; r1 k2 |* h7 u* e3 m
  I didn't need to clean the windows. My sister did it.% d/ Z, P% |( f4 }
  我不必擦窗,我妹妹擦了。(我没有擦)7 l1 J  v) F+ }# d* }
  5. should +动词完成式+ D$ f1 b& `, w) |) m1 k
   A.此结构的肯定式表示应该做的事而没有做,否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。例如:) J2 b0 i, J; s# j. ~
  You should have given her more help.; R8 C; `& }/ y% f$ r' y+ s$ D$ x( e
  你应该多给她一些帮助的。(但没有给)
7 J6 m6 M  q; n! o3 ~3 j  h  B. 表示推测,意为“可能”,但可能性较小。例如:! m/ M9 v  c) H: J' {. `  G
  He should have finished the work by now.
  }" Q6 o7 y% g, A8 q! L$ C  他现在该把工作完成了。(推测)
# d4 {! u4 I4 B6 B  C. should / would have thought意为“本以为,本认为”。例如:5 p( x# g$ E* K0 }
  A: "Can you type?"
+ @! _" Y1 M. N1 W8 C4 L  B: "Certainly."
# C4 w0 T! P# R- U' k* e) Z  A: "Well, I should have thought you wouldn't."
( T, h1 F1 [5 Z3 j  I should have thought she wouldn't agree.
  I; w9 @4 h0 t% n) Z4 o" }  我本来认为她不会同意的。
+ N+ r: K5 ]0 ^% _1 ]  D. should have thought有时意为“认为,以为”,相当于should think,但表示更为委婉、谦逊或不肯定的语气。例如:
, U, Y# `: V! o7 y6 L: i' D  I should have thought it fairly good.
4 h; Z$ ]- H% N! ~: L9 K1 n! w  我以为它是很不错的。
6 y  C- @' l, H. {8 u8 @  x  E. should have + 过去分词用于虚拟语气:6 p" I# R% O) K9 }- G
  Had you written him, you should have known the details.
' s  ]* `/ t, v% _  6. ought to + 动词完成式
; i8 L0 c" u6 J1 Y8 h/ r6 C   此结构表示某种过去应该做而没有做的事,或被忽略未做的某种明智行为。例如:+ Z: @. [, c, [( h9 v7 i
  You ought to have returned the book earlier.(还晚了)
/ _6 H7 P& }$ G) P& t) c  You ought to have refused her at the beginning, but now it is too late.
8 C1 P  B4 C/ I9 U7 ^( z4 N  Note:& `$ w. L) Z1 `! S! Z1 [9 J
  这里的ought to也可以用should代替。  
' }6 D7 ^: f3 P. ^  Homework:用给出的动词填空,注意要选用正确的助动词和时态.3 u- Z6 {  T0 u3 _4 c- w
  1.The boy____ the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult. (read)  6 V" _$ D, x4 j0 N& l
  2.We___him the news because he knew it already. (tell)
: |( y/ r# t9 l0 A& J4 f  3.If we had taken the other road, we ____earlier. (arrive)
5 K* W& O, ?( v$ q2 a  4.I _____you might take this into consideration. (think)   6 Q2 v6 q2 [  _& m) Y) ~% A' K
  5.You ____ her at the beginning, but now it is too late.(refuse)
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 11:54:22 | 显示全部楼层

英语专业 四级词汇与语法全真模拟练习37

  6.He should(ought to )have read the book. ) ~6 z1 Q/ L) I" t( o  t. J
  他应该读过那本书。 , w. M4 u) J# H: ]+ W! c* s
  7.He must have read the book. $ B; v( M4 _0 p$ X
  他一定读过那本书。
- R+ K- |0 i3 E2 N. d2 G! S) V2 C  8.He can't have read the book.
( I# d; l3 b8 U# \  他不可能(决不会)读过那本书。
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