第八课: 饮食文化
+ R$ z- l# K8 V 一.相关文化背景介绍
3 n! f4 o8 _% r& ~ (一)关于三明治3 U; l; g: p. W q) o
三明治是西方的一种基本食品,以两片面包夹几片肉和奶酪、各种调料组成,吃法简单,;历史从13世纪开始。三明治原是英国东南部一个默默无闻的小镇,镇上有位蒙塔古伯爵,他非常好赌,整日废寝忘食的玩桥牌。随从很难服侍他的饮食,干脆将肉、蛋、菜夹杂在面包片中,让他一边赌一边吃。蒙塔古伯爵大喜,顺口便将这种快餐叫做“三明治”。其他赌客也学伯爵的样子,吃这种食品。随后三明治闻名英国,传遍欧洲大陆,从此,夹馅面包片的食品就叫做“三明治”。
; I3 @. j( `: h* d. t0 x (二)关于热狗 m7 m2 W; x' \3 }, y* u' {
热狗,是一种面包夹香肠的快餐。传说热狗的发明者是德国移民安东. 弗奇特万根。1904年,他在圣路易斯开了一家饭铺,出售牛肉、香肠等。为了节省开支,他把手套发给顾客,让大家用手那着香肠吃。但他发现这个方法行不通,常有人吃完饭后就“顺手牵羊”,把手套也带走了。而且洗手套费时有费钱。他最后想出一条妙计:他把香肠夹在一种细长的面包里出售,不但方便,而且好吃。这样很快便博得大众喜爱而畅销各地。由于这种食品外型好似酷暑里伸着舌头的狗,所以人们叫它“热狗”。
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二.本课内容讲析
9 A( C' _- x% f% t9 `6 t ] (一)词汇: ^" E; n. P3 m! W2 b: J8 n6 c9 F
1 interrupt 打扰;打断
/ b9 @9 Z0 ~+ @2 j0 h 考点:interrupt with 打断;防碍
, l# u) D3 X. Q2 P- g4 R 2 advise 劝告;建议
* X0 M- |2 J" Z7 d, ] 考点:advise sb of 建议某人… # S1 g# L0 [$ ~" A# k
advise with sb on / about sth 同某人商量某事;就某事请教某人9 n e) ]: B2 w) Z( d
3 pack 打包
: v1 ^ B, w, D5 o1 s, R- j; U 考点:pack up 打好旅行用的行李
. p. R+ I# O5 C8 a, y/ _ 4 prevent 阻止;阻挡, c) @: P8 x+ x
考点:prevent from 使… 不做某事,阻止… 做某事
8 W; p- f/ i/ J1 ]( I 5 light 点燃
" O7 v! G, p2 [& z9 K5 { 考点:light up / upon 偶然发现;偶然碰到1 X# M# U I3 x1 ]
6 pour 倾倒;灌: C9 X2 ^1 k6 s- i% T$ w: b
考点:pour down 倾泻 pour on 泼冷水;使沮丧
6 M: r) H" N) T8 _. N 7 starve 挨饿;使饿死1 }3 x: Y' Y/ z4 W& l$ c* Z
考点:starve for =be starved of 渴望;极需;缺乏 0 F! S) z! B6 M
starve sb. into 用饥饿迫使…
5 N, ^0 i8 Q. F( n starve out 用饥饿使投降;使断粮而屈服
" N' @/ [4 {" R: |# } 8 feed 喂养;饲养
" |1 \4 S8 R9 N8 ~* { 考点:be feed up with 吃的过饱;对… 极其厌倦
# R5 n$ [" S" \* x( ] feed on 靠… 过日子;从… 中得到满足/ 供养
8 A$ e" `( ^0 s! j" z0 |4 [$ J feed up 供给食物/营养;养肥;使吃饱. y& [6 ^# i3 m% Y
(二)短语
6 f6 `, E5 U& {$ ]- S: r- C, n/ M 1 junk food 垃圾食品
+ m% n) x. I2 M" N4 ] m E 这是两个名词组成的复合词,与junk 有关的复合词还有junk shop 指“旧货店”。/ Q! b( s @. L. z) w
e.g. It’s not wise to eat junk food .5 J- M, j- j' h2 x1 V6 D
Sometimes you have to eat junk food because of time .
; `! f( A! K" M* m 2 as far as 至于,就… 方面说; Z2 B7 X, l7 I
通常是指后面所接的内容达到了一个最大的限度的程度。/ A* X& A9 K% g
e.g. As far as I know , it’s forbidden to smoke at the meeting .
4 `, @. s6 h4 L0 g5 }! |6 _& L! y+ j I helped him as far as I could .8 p( d4 E2 L% S. D+ n; q+ m
3 pay for 付款;赔偿0 t7 ?/ [) K- y8 K
付钱给某人作为… 的费用,即 pay (sb ) for sth
2 p7 r" m/ `5 ^- z$ s( n) z e.g. How much did you pay for the car ?: e3 y+ K3 v% f; Y
That trader pays me for my goods .# [2 X: ?" J4 [4 Z3 B
4 blame for 负责;责任;承担;
- F, I7 J5 Q) {! ^2 |& U 通常是为做错的事或做的不好的事情而承担责任。
( A% b! u- y6 o( C e.g. Who is blamed for this failure ?
& u, b" q: f8 n9 o6 O1 H5 i8 @; \; } Because of your carelessness , you should be blamed for this aftermath .2 {- O& v9 ^" V7 W# `* |. M% k
5 pay attention to 关注;注意: j: H! s3 [) H* }# x( N
to 是介词,后面接名词、动名词或短语,如“密切关注”是pay close attention to .
] x, O4 q* V& m2 p; v5 M e.g. We need to pay close attention to the development of this matter .' v+ A/ ` f% \4 L9 i
Do you pay attention to this notice ?
`. R/ i5 m% M (三)句型
6 A" H) @- [/ l0 ?5 ? 1 So in order to keep doctors away , we’d better eat more fruit and vegetables .; ^% d( u1 v. A) ]
译文:所以为了把医生赶走,我们最好多吃水果和蔬菜。# ~ {2 V6 G J3 R8 r
讲解:in order to do sth. 指的是“为了做某事”,表示目的,在句子中做目的状语。Had better + do sth. .指“最好做某事”,better 后面必须接动词原形。1 y* E1 i; a+ w) k/ X/ o1 f( p
e.g. You’d better clean your room at once .
- l. t( P# v# Z 2 It is sad to know that millions of people die every year because they do not have enough food .; B5 b( N3 S+ A0 O& p' ^: W
译文:;了解到每年有数百万的人由于没有足够的食物死去,这是令人悲哀的。
1 i3 k3 F0 `. ? 讲解:millions of 指“数百万”, thousands of 指“数千的”,表示不确定的数量。It’s sad to know that … 指“了解到…是悲哀的”,that 引导的句子充当know 宾语。
i# z; R7 \' H) G e.g. It’s sad to know that her grandmother is dead . N% U* L- o) M0 w* H, Q
(四)语法知识- x7 g b" J0 G" j1 f" b: W4 i! Y
复合句
% ?& U% b# H+ d0 s 1 复合句包含两个或更多的主谓结构,由一个(或更多的)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等,其中充当一个句子成分的主谓结构是从句。由于在句子中的作用不同,从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句和同位语从句等。4 h; Y1 a; o6 v: W- x* F% i
e.g. What I want to emphasize is this .
* R5 G, ?% ]0 w: V# ` We should never pretend to know what we don’t know .0 P8 `8 K# u4 Y0 r* K/ D
There is something in what you said .
( s* H8 V/ S' E; M% C8 b4 l That’s exactly what I am planning to do .$ Q& ^& q6 t) v% \% p& d- G
We are looking forward to the day when we will meet .
. J( q2 g2 Z4 a9 T Turn off the light before you leave the room .
/ b, _, r6 X* Z' k5 v% h Soon came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia .
: U2 K) D9 h1 _. a& A" H (五) 口试必备用语) b) c0 m0 u# a& u! c
邀请朋友吃饭时的常用语:( l; X0 L# X* ]; b% C: ~
1 Are you free tomorrow ?
& ?$ u) e+ g* o( j- U 2 Would you like to go out with me for dinner ?6 o5 W, X7 z: f/ v
3 I would like to treat you to lunch .
/ G" _4 X, l |; a 4 Dinner is on me .
; y7 c/ u0 O/ R0 D. Y+ a! t0 v: [5 _8 o 5 When is the most convenient time for you ?
J6 ^% a% A; i, V) F 6 What is your favorite food ?
: a h/ `0 e) \ U5 X+ z/ Y) F' Z5 p 主人请客人不要客气时的常用语:
3 ? ^4 f5 }' B0 N# S5 ^$ x: N- w! p 1 Help yourself , please .! k! [6 |) W; Q% V: O& ^5 c
2 Make yourself at home .
6 x, {9 B! x3 q7 D' t# N 3 Help yourself to anything you want .
7 C& d% j* F4 Q) _ 4 Welcome ,please sit down .. U6 X) s/ }* q
客人在就餐结束时的常用语:
8 R8 w7 u2 b3 r6 x1 a& S, a 1 I am full .
( N5 F" \! z$ T# ^ X5 ^% o 2 Thank you .I’ve had enough .5 W1 S1 J- t% H8 y
3 Thank you for your dinner . I’m afraid I can’t take in any more . |