Man has been storing up useful knowledge about himself and the universe at the rate which has been spiraling upward for 10000 years.* F+ n! W' h( h
The __1_ took a sharp upward leap with the invention of writing,but even __2_ it remained painfully slow for several centuries.The next great leap forward __3_ knowledge acquisition did not occur __4_ the invention of movable type in the 15th century by Gutenberg and others.__5_ to 1500,by the most optimistic __6_,Europ was producing books at a rate of 1000 titles per year.This means that it __7_ a full century to produce a library of 100000 titles.By 1950,four and a half __8_later,the rate had accelerated so sharply that Europe was producing 120000 ttitles a year._9_ once took a century now took only ten months.By 1960,a __10_ decade later,the rate had made another significant jump,__11_ a century's work could be finished in seven and a half months.__12_,by the mid-sixties,the output of books on a world__13_,Europe included,approached the prodigious figure of 900 titles per day.! h. t) e: I6 e) K" M, r7 g+ _9 o9 Q
One can __14_ argue that every book is a net gain for the advancement of knowledge.Nevertheless we find that the accelerative __15_ in book publication does,in fact,crudely __16_ the rate at which man discovered new knowledge.For example,prior to Gutenberg __17_ 11 chemical elements were known.Antimony the 12th,was discovered __18_ the time he was working on his invention.It was fully 200 years since the 11th,arsenic,had been discovered.__19_ the same rate of discovery contioned,we could by now have added only two or three additional elements to the periodic table since Gutenberg.__20_,in the 450 years after the time,certain people discovered some seventy additional elements.And since 1900 we have been isolating the remaining elements not a rate of one every two centuries,but of one every three years.
# \ I- ?8 A0 l4 N 1) A accumulation B development C knowledge D rate& K' u7 Q, S/ |1 _0 F
2) A so B if C then D when
# R1 V* H2 B0 `( z+ T+ Y& G Y 3) A to B by C from D in! A- g+ ^& T- o3 N
4) A until B since C when D before
* {: \6 Q" ]9 G# `: B' x# k3 D 5) A as B due C prior D next
, L e G; {9 N% c ^7 { 6) A examples B estimates C evidence D evaluation. s8 R: _9 A9 J; V
7) A would take B had taken C was taking D would have taken3 I7 J5 }% K4 i% ~- {4 h
8) A decades B centuries C dozens D years
2 [4 t+ I! R7 U0 E, \& t 9) A this B these C it D what
% X4 ]0 y2 o. o 10) A plain B historic C single D eventful
: M& g1 m' h* w9 g; ?: d 11) A now that B so that C as D when. W) B' V7 Z4 e/ z8 Z4 Y m
12) A however B but C and D therefore
) y. O2 }7 V3 V; @' M 13) A scope B sphere C scale D stretch: ^: s& o I, T- [9 |3 E/ S
14) A therefore B hardly C accordingly D therefore
& _, S4 d& a7 v( G; m' s W 15) A line B circle C diagram D curve/ ]0 X' e, X. t; E# Q
16) A fit B like C resemble D parallel( c; u4 O+ k! l0 d4 z8 `# \
17) A about B only C more than D less than; V+ o; B" C4 e" R8 s0 Y* |$ C, R
18) A in B at C on D for8 h* c2 J2 p3 W1 X3 {5 b/ k
19) A as B had C if D with0 w, G6 Q8 t' p
20) A in addition B in turn C instead D in particular8 o. u/ `2 u, ]% K3 @
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