1 引导名词性从句的连接词
$ F' g& Y0 L+ s9 T) F( C7 S- i引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:9 Q$ W" v. A0 K/ j9 k, w
连接词: that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)
* e' A* W! s+ [5 v8 M0 F 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, z5 T5 Q6 J% ?: \9 C0 L
连接副词:when, where, how, why
9 s: j& C- }/ B! C" y 不可省略的连词:
: K/ Y; W, j' L6 v; N 1. 介词后的连词# E) j' d+ H) `6 `" Y
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如:. q- ~ } Q' Q( {
That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了,我们很高兴。
0 q2 ~9 y5 l8 i7 n1 A5 |+ g- _ We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。/ |$ t4 x5 J+ i9 R. P; Z. N
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
% a/ n$ l& Y" q6 _1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
u+ W" A: q( r2 {6 B' m2. 引导表语从句 . `6 e* L3 V$ ^ D6 b! G
3. whether从句作介词宾语- K5 H! ?) m3 }; x5 E5 ~$ I D4 d
4. 从句后有"or not" + ~3 X% w# F( O6 A& X: o
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。例如:
Y. }& O. _7 L% M- G/ V8 k It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要。
9 J: x8 C! H' Y" J5 P It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。' ^ Z# V& I8 b2 S: P; G" h+ H( v/ N2 l
2 名词性that-从句
0 v7 D: v) e- p/ x& c/ m1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如:
* o# q5 c( V5 l3 l4 n) A 主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。+ A' k/ J D& a- Z
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。; K4 ^* }6 n$ h& L$ H- n1 ]+ Y. j
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。) A9 Q6 P6 ~8 Y8 |' y1 s5 ?
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
/ k, ?' F' y- }1 n2 g1 U6 ~近来谁也没有见过他,这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。4 s% E8 W/ @. m) Q
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
9 a) ]: G2 e2 ~. f3 |6 S 2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。例如:
8 f1 q, }1 ~8 E: \& V It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。' I$ y" ^# e$ Z: q, O3 q( s! F0 ?9 y" V
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。" v: r4 }% T# G7 D Z" C
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:- {% X1 B% K W5 F+ |( r9 ~$ z# W
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
6 G$ g. V7 P8 c9 g It is necessary that… 有必要……6 p9 r# k* B/ n5 \
It is important that… 重要的是……" B6 Z$ K8 z0 E8 a4 W- m- s
It is obvious that… 很明显……' ~' @' g* j( U1 i+ X6 m
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句1 G9 i7 Y9 P: Z
It is believed that… 人们相信……& U- k9 w8 j5 l; L( U: u
It is known to all that… 从所周知…… }; D9 n* F; f. c' `3 n+ e7 U5 d
It has been decided that… 已决定…… |