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[PETS五级] 全国PETS考试语法辅导:名词性从句

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发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:15 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
3 ^* V5 V# Z0 k& a7 ?# u. ^3 H17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
, c7 `  w% g. D7 i引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:# r! x5 ~0 B, L: ^9 t
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
7 R( k+ s- ]& ~! L0 K5 ~连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.
8 O6 A, ~5 U3 g6 f' e连接副词:when, where, how, why% F& D+ i8 t& v0 [
不可省略的连词:
7 u$ `; [0 B" L1. 介词后的连词: I5 O) H) A. o9 X7 t4 t' N  b
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。5 S6 p; f& f6 |( w$ Z
That she was chosen made us very happy.
2 e( g3 I3 B) Q& SWe heard the news that our team had won., ~, [( Y, [$ f$ r. Y0 ?+ _9 N
比较:whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
( s; d. I9 Z; Y& K) h1. whether引导主语从句并在句首. l4 l. [+ a9 P
2. 引导表语从句6 L% h/ E1 p2 y: n% J. }
3. whether从句作介词宾语
& ~3 O. R, F4 }9 U- t1 _+ }4. 从句后有“or not”! v' D5 j( B/ y# s+ N4 j: y
Whether he will come is not clear.. ]& ?+ j1 V. ~6 k! q. W& ]: K
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
4 }3 U. u  r7 tIt is not important who will go.
% ^( h5 q  ^' Z+ Y2 r4 ^It is still unknown which team will win the match.2 H+ r5 I  m* ^( ]7 B0 j3 S$ l
17.2 名词性that-从句
$ h  A4 x( V1 e! O' H+ @1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:/ h  T1 p9 o$ \+ |1 `6 B& f7 \
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.
* p; e4 b! T+ u+ ^他还活着全靠运气。
6 ?1 U& n8 Y9 U2 A' e+ o$ C宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
  b4 O, l; p3 |/ f( I. h* g约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。* R$ i5 t# T9 z' i
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
5 e) S. H6 S6 m, O事实是近来谁也没有见过他。% S  N) H* O- }) d2 o
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
$ L3 ~0 u; W4 O0 q" T- _近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
6 E3 q! E9 d; b2 r7 D( ^形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job./ x# Z! |, K6 A* }/ w$ _
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2 `2 D# a) S5 N  [+ s1 G2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
  }. a" w8 ^, d  F& p% _It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.% V, A7 V$ P6 l- h5 _
很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。6 C8 Q' Q2 P' N) @
It’s a pity that you should have to leave.
1 r8 K8 V) p5 P6 i; T2 w, ^你非走不可真是件憾事。) D. Y7 @5 m0 v3 r% W5 I9 T
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
) f9 ], P6 c5 t! U1 f- ]1 Ta. It + be +形容词+ that-从句6 V, g* w- f9 V1 t8 q
It is necessary that…    有必要……' g0 {" A# y, [; Y5 I; M
It is important that…    重要的是……; f8 t9 P* w" `, @7 H( x
It is obvious that…     很明显……
6 H! |3 g- h. @- db. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句7 f, `1 a  ~& f+ k( ~0 h' H
It is believed that…     人们相信……; p2 p; ~0 k/ @& I. }
It is known to all that…   从所周知……
4 [0 ?6 Z8 K+ k/ X  [" k2 p0 w$ uIt has been decided that…   已决定……
2 c, a4 K/ d/ G. ?; O. }c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
0 s! k8 r0 Y1 ]' @7 }( kIt is common knowledge that…  ……是常识  X7 I: b  x- D, ^1 w
It is a surprise that…   令人惊奇的是……
$ ]) ?. U5 s  y. f1 m8 `It is a fact that…     事实是……1 s7 p3 h; u9 H; E2 F% p! k
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
% C4 [2 T" P  T+ q  p! [It appears that…      似乎……( y& u$ P5 p1 G) N) b$ D
It happens that…      碰巧……  p; g$ m6 u, P2 i- k
It occurred to me that…   我突然想起……2 ?' M" ?/ f( F( A
17.3 名词性wh-从句
& G; @. U8 z/ ^$ G( u1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,。 whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
! y7 z$ Y$ J  h5 O4 |" i$ u0 X主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
  m6 U" W- H+ b) W( {直接宾语:In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。! G* {$ W. z+ ^  K; b
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
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