2012年下半年商务英语初级考试复习指导（5）

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2012年下半年商务英语初级考试复习指导（5）
　商务术语:来自www.Examw.com
6 ^% f/ n5 A' x1 t, i2 c　　services(劳务), primary commodities(初级产品), absolute advantage(绝对利益), comparative advantage(比较利益), quota(配额), customs union(关税同盟), ad valorem duty(从价税), specific duties(从量税), drawback(退税), MFN(最惠国待遇), non-tariff barrier(非关税壁垒).
) e6 H# A+ K9 B- f/ C　　考点:
5 K  q* L- @3 C　　1. 国际贸易的定义(definition):
5 x: m6 u7 [! G/ ^5 e" ~7 C6 n　　It refers to the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another
1 z7 V$ W2 z9 ]; y* P, r, ^　　2. 国际贸易的两个缘由( Two reasons for international trade)
' v/ |5 O, p; _- L9 h" s9 h　　a. the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries
& D  N9 {8 J6 T: D# x# U( a　　b. international specialization(国际专业化)
　　3. 国际专门化的两个理论(Two theories for international specialization)
% R; v6 b4 i4 w　　a. The theory of absolute advantage(绝对利益理论):
) T; c, W" a. o3 G　　a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land, and labour)
/ t3 M) K/ k$ O! E
　　b. The theory of comparative advantage(相对对利益理论):

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</p>　　Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.
: u' b1 T6 k# s4 ~$ _% X) K　　4. 关税壁垒和非关税壁垒( tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers)
+ ?, n; i. Y2 H/ H# R; E3 n* H　　a. tariff barriers: export duty(进口税), import duty(出口税), ----specific duties 从量税
　　ad valorem duty. 从价税
　　Compound duty 混合税
! V* b: c  {' C5 ^" a　　b. non-tariff barriers: quotas----the most common form of non-tariff barriers
　　5. 翻译练习
3 V: c7 s' k" X+ F　　a. 比较优势理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石考试用书
3 @% [/ n9 ~5 D; M/ z# z' t3 R　　Comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade
& T8 V: _8 x  r0 X　　b.关税壁垒是限制贸易最常见的形式
　　Tariff barriers are the most common forms of trade restriction.
* _( Z# n# V/ f  R" ^* \/ w( }　　Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000