一、关系词的定义和分类
2 X( R% r1 }" o9 U9 u: _关系词,即体现句子之间关系的词或词组。也有不少人称之为信号词,或者是连接词。不管在雅思听说读写四门中的任何一门都需要用到这类词,以使得句子更加流畅,句意更加明晰。分析认为,关系词可非分两大类:, N0 M4 u; M! p/ k: N/ l
1. 同向关系词5 f9 E' ?5 b! R7 ~0 s# Q
同向关系词,即用上此类词或词组,句子内部或句子间的方向没有发生改变,只是根据前面的句意进一步延伸和细化。将其归纳为:4 X8 e2 I0 m p9 L
举例关系词:for example, for instance, e.g., such as, like, take sth. for example
9 J& j; G* R& G! w) l$ e类比关系词:like, alike, similar, same, as
6 [6 j, m+ F$ I9 i, L选择,并列和递进关系词:or, either…or, and, as well, also, besides, apart from, in addition, what’s more, furthermore, moreover (分号;)' |0 e7 R0 B9 a( x+ Z+ s
因果关系词:
' Z" o9 w! s5 T9 Y6 p# d表示由引起的,后接原因的词或词组:because,because of,as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, owing to, thanks to, in that( L. O" q \$ d
表示导致,后接结果的词或者词组:so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate
' R/ x. E2 \7 l3 n' b: {8 R总结关系词:in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief! o# H' s# z! ]8 R. l6 v3 J
2. 逆向关系词:! C9 j& c8 A# {& C
逆向关系词,即用上此类词或词组,句子内部或句子间的方向发生改变,前后句子意思形成相反关系。总结发现,这类词包含:, `* ^5 H7 l+ Y& Y" i. a- }
否定关系词:not, none, no, never, non-, dis-, un-, in-, im-, -less, few, little, hardly, barely, seldom, neither…nor0 @ d5 r7 i* E6 }
转折和让步关系词:but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, in fact, actually, despite, in spite of, although, even though, though# n7 A! H6 H8 a p- o
对比关系词:unlike,by contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely
' L7 \' H1 ~, {& ]' B. p(注:以上各类关系词中所举的例子仅仅只是常见的一部分)/ p, Z8 z# L/ ^0 q9 B" ]; r
二、关系词在雅思听力中的使用+ o9 u0 d. o0 f7 m$ r S, O
在雅思听力考试中,不管是在审题还是在听题过程中,我们都需要利用到关系词,以协助判断答案的形式及正确程度。下面我们通过真题来见证关系词的重要作用:
: l+ R5 _: m+ l& j/ D; u真题重现:
4 _5 V; U, k, O, }) q并列关系词: Cambridge 4 Test 1 Section 1
! |1 ?, d# [7 z% i8 a0 ~7 J) hVisit places which have:
$ o! V. O& L8 t/ V •historical interest" J& u# N$ }0 B% f1 ~6 C G
•good 1 …………………………….
% ]6 ^5 ]3 T+ g5 [" c. Q8 z. o •2 ………………………………
( a3 v- |6 ~' ^4 Y& e+ w本题中,虽然没有明显的并列关系词,但是有很明显的并列格式。在看题的时候,我们只要注意到第1题与上行的historical interest是并列关系,中间一般会有并列关系词 and, as well, also, besides之类的词汇出现;而第2题与第1题也是一样的情况。那么,在听题的时候,我们排除干扰,撇开因果,修饰之类的成分,在historical interest出现之处,认真听并列关系的内容就可以很轻易地抓到答案了。
3 G) _( |) B; `举例关系词: Cambridge 4 Test 1 Section 2
/ e( F' _. l9 n# _' m11 Riverside Village was a good place to start an industry because it had water, raw materials and fuels such as ………………… and …………………. .; Z0 C: \( |; x
) Y s: \0 H/ f9 ?4 P7 Z" I本题中出现了举例关系词 such as, 那么,在读题的时候,我们心中就会有数了,不但知道这边会出现像like, for example之类的举例关系词,而且还知道所填的两个单词的类别属于 fuels —— 燃料。此时,只要我们的词汇过关,知道燃料类的无非有coal, charcoal, wood, firewood, gases, petrol 等之类的词汇,答案也就不难把握住了。首页 1 2尾页 |