分词是TOEEL必考内容，在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。分词的命题形式非常广泛。平均分布在written Expressions 和structure两部分。有时，即使分词不是题目焦点，但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在（1）分词的形容词特性、（2）分词短语作后置定语、（3） 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。
7 v( k- Y) o( f l 分词常考题型及解题要点：
7 |' r: j, D9 Z* L" c1 ~ 1. 分词具有形容词特征，可单独作定语或表语。' ~' x3 t. w5 H% Y, j
全真例题分析
! n8 o6 d# Y# _. `. n7 }6 e (1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)
( H) M8 h2 G/ @7 h% J+ l [答案] B 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist，故应改用分词respected形式，其作用相当于形容词作定语。
; p3 T' {. ^7 y+ m0 E0 e (2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)0 j4 K% ]* Q7 H# _
[答] C 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式，即fixed。: Y3 H6 m3 G9 x8 m$ w. A
(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)
9 a. E9 L3 _- x [答案] A 修饰名词hues，应用分词形式arranged。; w( [, R; x) `# \6 M
(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)
; u9 ^3 R9 ]* j [答案] B interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语，作用相当于一个形空词。# _/ v6 ]. W/ v( H4 b- }+ C
2. 分词短语作定语，放置于中心名词后面
. x- O- V% j% k- _) |. U 解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中出现频率非常高。因而，考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上，分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。; X, d' a, J2 \ _: C1 j
全真例题分析
7 m3 A# g, j1 Z# G: Z! q (1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------9 J6 y, j& x6 O6 i# u
(A) the uses for livestock feed
' o' u5 `! K( ^0 A1 t3 F (B) for using livestock feed6 W) d5 U5 |3 C+ a
(C) used for livestock feed
2 J; W3 Q; W4 ^ o2 c (D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)
6 v. l+ N$ D% C9 |9 b9 d [答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant，作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed1 z8 b3 x5 m4 t
(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms.
6 T" A0 K* }( {" ]: Y* T0 c# W6 ` (A) representing1 U3 G* U6 u0 L6 @3 Q1 V
(B) represented
5 E n# k# ?0 | r" v (C) are represented6 ^# P$ L3 A& @8 E- X) \% v
(D) they are representing (92.10)4 F" P. s# U1 d# R; r- O) [( N
[答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语，作用相当于一个定语从句：which represent numbers and their logarithms。# Q, K3 Y+ }" o' E, O1 t8 y
(3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will
. |3 ?$ x2 j: G6 u' G (A) to know G) [/ b7 K3 \# P
(B) known
! Q; `: U" m$ v6 G" w (C) knowing
% B0 y9 |6 v: D' Y7 [9 x- @0 E (D) knew them (94.1)( S2 \* R# i& H4 J3 Z; `" h
[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…
& w3 K! X1 a5 U (4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)
0 x8 n/ w! T, R6 F [答案] A 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语，修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。( N+ Q5 V! A& N
(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5). X7 D( r- |1 K/ W2 D8 A9 ]: s# L
[答案] D 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。
$ E1 I0 v( B0 f U8 W2 m 3. 分词短语作状语
+ Z5 L+ Q0 m) e1 s 解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时，状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语，但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物，此类分词短语通常置于句首。! @$ k% J9 l' y
全真例题分析# u$ U d* Y% Q2 ?
(1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.' H/ {- P0 x5 f$ C$ ?
(A) Known! ?& g3 q9 U$ S: x3 ^- P
(B) Knowing
' u% C z, m# y (C) To known- W5 `3 L- f% p$ z6 ^' o- A& d
(D) Knowledge (92.5)
! [) \+ u5 h$ t) ?; v [答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.
: f7 J7 \$ ] q; Z# `$ n (2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .; e3 m h$ W' }# B6 V8 c
(A) Founded
[3 L" ?! R5 ~$ }* z5 O (B) Founding/ E! _ I* S5 T# S
(C) To found
/ l( p4 Q4 [5 a( {7 ] (D) Having founded (92.1)
( E/ H9 X1 P0 u5 b [答案] A 分词短语表示时间，其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.
- ^" P$ U+ c4 s, e1 ^ (3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.2 x1 I7 l$ O% C0 r0 J
(A) In 1827 they drafted
! O2 j9 d, d$ }4 o6 \ (B) The draft in 1827, w. f) s* X) F- f& O: B1 P
(C) In 1872 was drafted- X& y* f( ^1 j6 i/ [ f
(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)
9 B7 W @# J. J6 m7 A' p0 ^ [答案] D分词短语作状语，表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句；where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.
7 I" d( M$ S" w2 W) E, B 4. 现在分词表达主动的概念；过去分词表达被动的概念: s2 S! Z* j2 o c- Y; B8 B$ M
全真例题分析- z R$ c: n R1 W4 O
(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)
6 z( o5 A0 t6 ]: M* t' [- a [答案] A 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系（Sugar was judged to be…) 故应用过去词Tudped to be.
. y2 n* O! K0 B6 y (2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ,beans, and tobacco. (92.1)
3 N* g) ^# s1 M [答案] B通常我们说to be based on ，这个短语表示被动概念（基于，以…为基础），所以应改用过去分词based。
* R: I' U' J% |( x) c; l$ A! ~& C (3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)9 K1 J/ G5 C# G
[答案] B根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by，可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念，因此，应用过去分词divided by。3 P. P. P4 L) l# _+ I, R
(4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)
& M+ E: C( y6 i [答案] D 分词in cluded与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系，不应用过去分词，应改为惯用现在分词短语in cluding + 名词宾语的结构。 |
发表于 2012-8-14 22:34:35
