托福辅导：托福考试语法题笔记1（一）

会计考友

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
9 m7 Z! H/ f0 ^5 O+ V5 B9 jA. in disease
  C4 \+ @5 s( d' x" L* r0 B) JB. that disease
) m/ j' ]! l0 f- wC. of disease
D. about disease
$ j7 U+ t3 F  M- P& j5 [2 {4 m% K答案：B
分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
) l4 z( p2 J! x) P参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
/ D6 T; e) g. A% Z0 S- ?  [4 H0 {2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
! L" M1 B+ S; \7 e1 ~+ dA. she was the first woman to conduct
8 c% g3 g* p- H8 L6 J. H; MB. the first woman conductor
" S0 }6 h# s4 e# C* k& uC. the woman was first conducting
' U# q; e$ G  L9 \% kD. the woman conducts first
答案：B
分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
+ z) g- F0 ?% }8 t参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
' Z8 q+ c% ~  ~) U补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
0 I, w  C1 |) ?& iD. when the first African American
8 N( C6 r* f! v5 b3 \* B答案：A
2 E9 ?7 U+ p. J分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
9 {& \. Q  C$ Y/ V- ^* w# v+ uA. and accelerated a phenomenon
% C8 K" W5 C# E" v4 EB. a phenomenon that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
& J7 M/ V( |9 S/ S* l" U& v- ~D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
答案：B
% `" W) A' |- ?1 x" S# Q- A( f分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错；C中语序混乱，错； D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
2 N/ E: b6 ^. D. x- q9 u' f4 W% {& I* k参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
: g8 [: C1 S: d! s) v' t$ XA. he became
9 Y- \* y% H8 L. gB. when becoming
% u- ^) q9 N$ x% g/ @9 PC. became
3 N# ?& u5 {/ }5 M6 ]D. did he become
答案：A
分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错；C缺主语；D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
( V3 ]' n8 p! x5 j9 W- H, ^6 i参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。
6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
A. Their botanical classification as berries
% P/ Y4 l$ W. Q# c: xB. Although their botanical classification as berries
# P9 A0 T2 o$ C# UC. Because berries being their botanical classification
9 I% |- X; s7 L6 u' z( BD. Classified botanically as berries
答案：D
  ]0 ^5 l# |% a/ A% W分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错；B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错；C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
7 h6 s- X" p! `5 V' [3 HA. a basic instrument
/ P) E1 j( d0 o$ cB. basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument it is
' j! x+ m4 d3 c+ dD. as an instrument is basic
答案：A
. ]/ S6 Q+ |' z: `分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
2 L5 {- I! R& i/ O; |3 I3 W5 [1 @) LA. as they are
% @1 M0 c, _5 R, qB. are they
) {  S4 f9 O& Z# lC. there are
1 f- l' W/ f: k4 L. N: }. R; I: k2 QD. are
; H0 g, [/ T$ z" k答案：A
分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
: M1 W- {9 e2 u" r! H# y) u参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
6 s* E$ @3 S  u' W- O1 |9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
A. Working fire extinguishers
1 p) B, X4 y+ ]B. Fire extinguishers that work

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C. Fire extinguishers work
, [# R% t* V# s- K. C1 `0 d" G+ E) k8 ^D. The work of fire extinguishers
3 ~) A5 x9 A8 s3 o' `! k答案：C
分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语；B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语；D也没有谓语。
参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
- n6 _2 I0 \  aA. to purchase their own automobiles
  l% F) P6 k0 ^: CB. their own to purchase automobiles
C. to their own purchase automobiles
D. own their automobiles to purchase
; ?9 S) g% b: @. x答案：A
, l, A; W% {6 K: G) p& G. b分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
! P+ d$ [: w  V! S" I% m1 t参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。</p>