词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”(本书要点之1)和“平行结构”(本书要点之4)组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression (16-40题)中,命题范围包括(1)并列结构中词性一致、(2)形容词与副词混淆、(3)形容词与名词混淆、(4)名词与动词混淆。其中,形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。
6 j+ J9 X& r% l/ \ 词性混淆常考题型及解题要点. X$ h1 A8 ?' ~8 w
1. 并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一
" D( z6 j. f5 N* C, M+ t' m: n 全真例题分析# f, C9 v8 k/ l9 f
(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)' M# b X" X f, }: `4 _
[答案] A 并列连词and连接三个形容词,故(A)Bigness应改为Big。
9 _8 V9 a$ x6 h* j7 p7 _: x& Y (2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
, N2 z' l0 w6 M, ]8 p. J/ ^ [答案] D 并列连词and连接三个名词,而speed是形容词,故应改为speed。& b2 V; l+ b8 b! j: s5 e
(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5): s( I# u) X/ r* {
[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词,共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs 。而locally是副词,应改为local。
. v/ c6 o$ D4 U9 O" i7 G/ R; }/ s (4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
2 w7 P) P6 [+ ^! |( Y$ t1 H [答案] B 并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。
p3 Q( ^1 j3 _/ ` 2. 形容词错用为副词3 ^5 t' W4 q. I g
解题要点 形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的,而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。" L9 k* n1 ~" [( L+ Z
全真例题分析
0 S2 ?2 F6 C% ]( } (1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits (93.5); ^; F/ g: a5 u' ~2 E# {
[答案]C 修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits 应用副词largely。% Y$ D5 y5 X5 \( l) Y/ @
(2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
: J* x8 e- l" z& @& j: S& N3 C [答案] D 修饰说明数词(272)应用副词approximately。$ h( I6 ]1 H2 Q C# X; o: m
(3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)) p3 {) U8 N# m9 ^/ o/ B2 h2 e
[答案] 修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably。: X3 u9 q8 C" @" a, F/ E5 o
(4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)
% j( J8 q$ U' g" Q" W [答案] C 修饰整个句耶Ellis ls land reopened its great hall as a museum of immigration 应用副词recently,表示时间。0 s* u6 N% ]2 q* f: `8 k) f
(5) Because their properties differ from those of their constituents. Proper alloys can great increase the corrosion resistance of a metal.
, _% u* E) ~! F. D3 W+ L* G! @ [答案] C 修饰动increase 应用副词greatly。
; g: N5 @5 N2 {; h0 e 3. 以副词后缀-ly组成的副词错用为形容词- Q( F* T1 x+ L
解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中如果有以-ly形式构成的副词,应首先考虑它的词性是否正确,是否错用为形容词。( f0 a" R+ @, Y
全真例题分析 c: m+ G8 e" P: A
(1) Parrots have heavily bodies and exceedingly strong legs. (93.8)3 E# G' t" N5 U) B5 s1 k# k
[答案] A 修饰名词应用形从词。Heavily 应改为heavy。; b. S: z- ~2 f9 n0 E
(2) The katydid a type of grasshopper is actively at night and rests motionless amid foliage during the day. (93.8)
& b( w- ?3 `4 g3 I; C }% d [答案] B 改为形容词active,作表语。
$ C/ ?. p' h- p- N (3) Although the unified states experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nineteenth century ,it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry (93.10)4 M! W, L# ?- |0 q- G0 q N
[答案] A 修饰名词应用形容词rapid growth。# j- U+ p+ R: X0 W! |5 r9 h
(4) Although they are in different countries, Windsor. Ontario and Detroit, Michigan are close neighbors and cooperate on numerous matters of mutually interest. (91.5)
) m* a8 H, [& H7 W4 @ [答案] D 改为mutual interest。' Y( S& S$ S" F5 Y* j
4. 以名词后缀- tion ,- sion 组成的名词错用为动词7 U$ u& @1 j. ?5 a$ H9 t% O' P: V6 }
解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现以-tion, -sion形式构成的名词,应首先考虑它的词性是否正确,是否错用为动词。
; F& I( N: c: c* T% N 全真例题分析7 n! A5 b0 u3 H: ]9 \
(1) The work *saga* is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character. (92.10)
. U, j. ~9 h- j5 m8 Q& `' j# v; {/ z [答案] A application应改为applied,作谓语动词的被动语态。
$ z+ d0 G7 D$ Q5 j# M* g6 C (2) Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. (92.100( H$ C+ h* ]. n4 c) b
[答案] B supervision 改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾结构。% |. ?; n+ w% Y/ {: x
(3) Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, Henly Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. (93.10)5 k( {2 J" t. ~* x% A
[答案] A Fascination 改为Fascinated, 与后面的by 组成过去分词短语作状语。
h# h: y9 K5 Y) \/ X (4) From 1872 to, Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago. (93.8)" W; n3 a5 K2 s. `& W& ^) n
[答案] D foundation 改为founded 过去分词作定语,修饰University of Chicago
0 X) O# o0 |6 G% G7 m e6 P) `7 ? 5. 由表示词性的后缀- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent,-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点
7 J$ J6 ]1 K! \, P- a J 全真例题分析
7 O6 f0 D8 M2 f; ? (1) Few theories are originality enough to be called unique. (92.10)
8 ~5 n' K6 g6 T9 P* v, q [答案] C 名词originality应改为形容词original 作表语。
8 g* F0 A# P( L0 E (2) Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. (93.8)0 G* ^; N1 {2 A7 z0 ~+ E) q5 A
[答案] A 形容词powerful应改为名词power,与height和speed并列。& ~$ T1 w: |; O( ]- ^- v
(3) A major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. (93.1)
$ i( r! B, q- w [答案] D 名词dependence 应改为形容词dependent, 用来修饰后面的名词variables。
2 K. t/ `! }/ H/ R; {3 K; c1 H2 \ (4) A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. (92.8)2 ~* E8 {; c0 ?8 Z5 q) q- c
[答案]A 形容词deficient改为名词deficiency。作主语。9 H2 t' N% n" o3 r6 A2 r
(5) In nature, the distributive of plants is obviously related to climate. (90.8)
% P( R2 q) \* f# t5 |: e [答案] B 形容词distributive 改为名词distribution ,用主语。) {6 ]) u, u7 a/ P
(6) A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. (93.5)7 d9 D6 A' c( p( K0 ]
[答案] D 名词difference改为形容词different,修饰后面的名词。 |