Among adults, sleep patterns aren't any better. Dr. Mathias Basner of the University of Pennsylvania plumbed a publicly available database of nearly 50,000 people questioned by the U.S. Census to find out exactly what short-sleepers — those who get four to five hours of sleep a night — did during waking hours. Since earlier surveys had linked less sleep with greater risk of disease and death, Basner was eager to tease apart whether it was the lack of sleep itself, or something else that the short-sleepers were doing while they were awake that was making them so unhealthy. He and his team were surprised to find that the main reason a person lost sleep at night was work. The more a person worked, the less he or she slept: compared with normal sleepers, people who slept 4.5 hours or less per night worked about 1.5 hours more per weekday and nearly two hours more on weekends. "The fact that work influences sleep time was not surprising, but we were amazed by the dominance of the work time effect," says Basner. "For every hour of sleep you lose, you work 30 minutes more." Previous surveys conducted over the past decade had found that for every hour of sleep lost, the average person worked seven to eight additional minutes, so these new results suggest a disturbing trend toward increased work-related sleeplessness.
% _5 z) s8 M3 D) A9 M, i8 R Basner notes that his findings in no way suggest a causal relationship between work and the amount of sleep a person gets (or, for that matter, between work and the higher risk of health problems associated with less sleep), but they do suggest that in future sleep studies, researchers should ask about how much time their subjects spend at work, and control for the influence that work may have on sleep. Understanding why we don't sleep could lead to better ways of helping us get more z's — anything but counting sheep., A# X2 z6 l! X6 v+ N2 r$ K) ^* q8 \( N _
【Section Two】Vocabulary. U9 U* \, P1 f) p% {
1. plaguen. 瘟疫, 苦恼, 灾祸;vt. 折磨, 使苦恼, 使得灾祸
' @; c/ [9 |7 r ~+ ~ 2. culpritn. 犯人,罪犯,刑事被告& r8 H6 H) I/ X* H% r' m% b
3. deprivationn. 剥夺
% d& y1 r: R# _ 4. cognitivea. 认知的,认识的,有感知的
; G+ V `( r X1 ^0 W% D2 E+ o 5. fill outv. 填写$ G2 L- e( H# D- f9 H
6. inattentionn. 疏忽,不注意,粗心
( e0 ^& B6 d3 j, E+ a( ? J 7. slumbern. 睡眠;vi. 睡眠5 r$ y( z+ Z$ p, ]+ q8 P
8. dunce capn. 以前的学生被罚时所戴的纸帽0 W& V \3 k4 e) C& i b9 `, V
9. impactn. 冲击,碰击;效果,影响,作用; vt. 冲击,碰撞$ y+ I7 o# x3 k4 D+ m4 [# K
【Section Three】Reference
/ z+ n4 @( Q" O0 t# l 1. Sleep All Day!
6 @2 K1 ~4 y1 l% I/ c 2. Sleeping Your Way to the Top
% G6 R, y" Z4 d9 A 【Section Four】Question$ |* G; S: B% ^9 @1 ^
1. Please translate the last sentence into Chinese.
3 _+ U$ t8 J3 y3 S! [1 R& T3 \& x2 A "Understanding why we don't sleep could lead to better ways of helping us get more z's — anything but counting sheep."& Y3 c9 l4 d2 d7 m3 y) W+ R
2. What is the main idear of this Article?0 y' S1 [) v/ @: M( L+ X
3. Lack of sleep during which period can lead to detrimental effects on behavior and development later in life?$ z8 T" `& O$ j& O& ]* r
4. The article mentioned "For every hour of sleep you lose, you work 20 minutes more." Right? Why?
8 p' k, X- _) Q1 D2 ]4 j 参考答案:
. d; K4 Z9 @' ?8 N0 y* d 1. 了解我们不能入睡的原因可以帮助我们找到更好的入睡方式,而不是靠数数来入睡。5 ?4 S1 z$ M7 s+ u+ z+ j
2. No standard answers.. E" y! m _9 \1 U( J3 c0 z
3. Before about 3.5 years of age.
8 c5 S3 p. Y+ k9 F+ z" { 4. False!You can find the correct answer in the sixth paragraph. "For every hour of sleep you lose, you work 30 minutes more." |