1. be + adv. -> be + adj.
, g- O. r, A0 m6 c7 K8 b eg: be rarly -> be rare
% ]2 I- w" O4 ~5 h9 [ 2. be + noun. + prep -> be + adj. +prep
+ F& E" ]+ |& w/ x( q eg: be value for -> be valuable for- Z9 `- t, k `0 s: d6 k
be fame for -> be famous for
. b8 Q! \" m' m 3. be origin based on 错 表语唯一7 R; |* ^( Y5 w8 T0 {
be forcibily 错
# X/ s6 T' [- S2 t, u2 m be completely enclosed 对
# M/ }: b8 k* o7 C) k0 R% ~1 Q be originally a poem 对1 n; N! H: U4 \) e5 h
be typicaly concerned with 对! l! F5 {& E/ v0 I1 o
be generally with 对$ D. D* p3 }7 Z! P0 ]( m, \
┏数+noun.+ Z% T/ p) V8 c$ D
be + noun./adj./分词 +┃adj.
9 R" _, G' ]. T/ y- d( o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┗分词短语1 Q! D& M7 p" z. d4 q+ e B Q
┗>adv.$ r4 c# [! A8 Y' \/ [7 G
二、作宾语时,名词和动名词的混用
' k1 W1 y D- J *原则:名词比动名词优先6 e4 T# c# w0 ^
from their kinding 错
1 A/ q& @4 c% g9 f food supplying 错
' R8 X0 O7 ?! D V! T/ P 区别:名词作宾语,后面不可接名词0 m W" q6 z3 |8 G, c0 y m
动名词作宾语,后面可接名词
+ p, p4 u, Q. Y3 E 动名词前可加the:the making of any work of art$ \0 W3 h& [9 j) T4 g
动名词前加the 后变化为一个纯粹的名词,不可再加名词了* o* I$ M8 ?: M% ]) ]: e8 o
三、状语从句引导词与近义介词/adv.的混用& g. H# Y0 ?+ Q
1. when, while/during, in
; U5 g3 e3 U# p% g- Z, S * when, while+ noun. 永远错
9 M7 Z k% B& X during + 句子 永远错9 P5 N* ~' y" b, E2 V5 m
2. although/despite4 f8 q. X; Y/ [7 P6 e6 h* h
despite + 句子 永远错
L R0 ]! d1 u( j! x. F G; J despite the fact that 对& x7 W: @; \6 i. d6 j) |" T
3. even though/even
) t! S i8 Z7 v5 L# s 前者为连词,后者为副词
7 c$ x% {" _9 w3 _+ b& N+ ? even + 句子 永远错
) p% m7 [5 d; C4 e 四、平衡连接词与近义副词的混用' C# n+ I) c) Y( h1 P6 L8 S/ N
1. and/also! u0 Y9 Z2 W& v5 v
前连后副7 T1 P, N2 h* R7 O \
V also V 对9 l/ }# Z" D+ p: ~. L9 `4 N( c4 {, L. s
noun. also noun. 错
0 C2 _3 K/ W! }8 i 2. or / else
' k ^# I1 J7 a0 Q) h 前连后副) E% g0 V5 K( [$ l$ f
by scant else by color 错
5 T8 I s2 M0 U3 B+ p9 [ 3. but/instead
% V$ z! F1 J9 @* K 前连后副
% v9 Z/ x* M* C- g6 M. p. N+ m 五、表示人的名词与表示物的同根名词的混用* O! V5 X( U* {$ N7 Y" ?8 r l+ C
architect -> architectural
) z. {& u; s/ t4 g# \5 B8 Y, N inventor -> inventation. ?, R: m( W; ]) K9 q- y$ D$ O
sculptor -> sculpture
7 L( P% q `% i poet -> poem, poetry
! N3 I2 m8 I. T) v# [! i. u7 v novelist -> novel$ G; O7 t2 |- l+ l4 I9 e
educator -> education
@# {& w. Q- c# V settler -> settlement
' c# }* }/ q. M. T1 w3 T6 }- S* { composer -> composition; I. M! Y. E z
engineer -> engineering" W1 r+ w5 D& @; v/ u
六、作定语,名词和形容词的混用
, e1 b3 `" ?! p' W- c' U 原则:表示同一概念的形容词比名词优先
5 ]3 `" i4 `+ b' d eg: certain 比certainty优先1 Z* b* H% \ R' }4 w
当意义不同时,就无所谓优先
6 L j2 C% z* a! ?3 C 如: color monitor 彩显
( e$ Y) I9 N9 A$ S1 u colorful monitor 外观彩色的显示器
% Q0 u1 c; S9 l3 G colorful effect 多彩的效果
! g. R0 C+ T& f% x0 O6 W" P [ color effect 彩色效果
3 @- B: s3 f! ^) I# L+ Q& K 例外:% Y0 V2 K1 {: f2 p( y2 [7 K
1. 没有表示同一概念的形容词时,只能用名词修饰
! |" m7 Z7 m$ U3 k/ k' _5 g3 ` the city or regional planning: B+ y( K9 q/ M. I; S% e8 h
Beijing city commercial bank3 }3 z: x! b% V" ^+ J
the state government
5 ~* E5 L3 W1 w- S" t% \ 2. noun. + noun. 为特定含义时,不改为adj./ v! b4 a9 h7 {- j/ S s
safty glass 防弹玻璃
$ I+ B4 r9 m3 ^! {% T! ?* f2 q exhibition flights 飞行表演
1 D+ i1 `3 a8 Z4 J' b- w color monitor 彩显, O' x/ N* {" ^0 Q/ H# f
3. noun.修饰noun.,表示后一个名词的本质属性,品质,种类时,不改adj.; Y6 ?' T# S: [4 b2 p2 M
***noun. + noun. 最后选1 {+ w# E3 D0 D' A
beauty salon 对' d& q& p6 Q- K2 O6 ]9 U
intelligence test 对3 J: |% X8 z+ P J5 V6 Y* @
*noun.+noun.在一起 a. 最后选# {/ ]. ?" v. Q; h6 \7 X
b. 有无同概念形容词
* Q* c) }7 v# z* v8 n- M c. 看句意
; Z; i5 |0 ?$ x0 x; i& S# t+ I 七、作修饰语,形容词和副词的混用
; e! @, u3 Y4 u4 F 1. 副词永远不能修饰名词" `! j2 F+ Q7 {! w( G
up arms -> upper arms
0 o6 n/ e5 ~7 p# a6 m; _) s 注意陷阱:adv. + 同位语% |1 i* Z+ G5 ?
* special 永远改 especially
* c9 A h( h! T2 G The common cold, (which is) normally a minor illness, can threaten
( X6 o& ^6 k& k9 O, b6 Y* | the health of patient.7 B7 J" m6 ?4 p
2. adj. + adj. + noun.
7 @' H" b4 Z$ h+ I 依次修饰关系1 O# r0 |2 t7 q# k; L* H& |
an old red car5 b8 x" f! c0 `( M: M
a frequent pretty girl(??)# [" ~/ M' [2 s \8 l f
3. adv. + 数 + noun. ; 数 + adj. + noun. 对
" u! [% S1 ~1 R* u) r+ m 数 + adv. + noun. ; adj. + 数 + noun. 错
; U8 r5 s5 c) P( n0 M adv. + 数 + adj. + noun. 对
6 |2 q7 p! L1 Z- g; G5 i 4. ┏ adj.
" X5 N9 W2 w' R3 m ┃ V
, {4 j" q. ~4 B, ? adj. + ┃ prep.& E4 u4 ?! {: } f% ?
~~~~ ┃ adv.
0 H- ~( j$ I* T ┗>adv. ┃ 分词短语' U7 ~8 w4 N1 e& T/ P1 ^/ M# A* \
┗ 数词怯朐亩敛牧系穆呒叵凳鞘裁础T谡庖坏闵希峦懈K坪跤邢?GRE考试靠拢的趋势(其实早在2003年8月托福考试的时候,这一趋势就初露端倪了,当时的阅读部分篇幅、题干和选项的长度均出现了类似于GRE阅读的情况),当然,需要有进一步的研究来证实这种猜想。不过,考生在今后的准备中,不仅要从语言上进行提炼,还要注意行文的逻辑关系,这一点应该是不会错的? |