1. be + adv. -> be + adj.
7 z, g8 N. T g- E1 h F$ F eg: be rarly -> be rare
. ?. [; j; P0 y; ^ V: P7 J 2. be + noun. + prep -> be + adj. +prep
$ O) G1 K; F8 `6 S eg: be value for -> be valuable for
, ?% I/ x3 P% A# ? be fame for -> be famous for0 m( S& }3 d* P
3. be origin based on 错 表语唯一- z+ L; s2 p, K
be forcibily 错
" {* A; b, K- Z+ a. B, n1 E be completely enclosed 对, B/ t; q% F8 X4 {" `) O& y
be originally a poem 对& M& S2 Z9 n# F
be typicaly concerned with 对
' L) q2 r' Q/ x5 `0 I6 Q4 U be generally with 对8 T# _( J) A$ S _0 y
┏数+noun.
$ J+ P1 E# }8 n be + noun./adj./分词 +┃adj.: D* y, J. l# r+ |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┗分词短语
7 D) T9 y+ Y6 z5 n7 i: i! L x ┗>adv.
0 }5 V0 M$ c: N% \9 D 二、作宾语时,名词和动名词的混用1 n" t% G: l3 k, e; U
*原则:名词比动名词优先: ^! A4 Z/ |6 f& y [+ W n
from their kinding 错, c8 |( N. L/ i7 i0 j+ o9 t
food supplying 错% S- t3 e: A1 ]0 h! D6 b
区别:名词作宾语,后面不可接名词
, ]6 p0 b1 Q6 E2 _9 I I 动名词作宾语,后面可接名词
8 B( I' y! }, ~4 O 动名词前可加the:the making of any work of art
) c3 x! E6 ?. E1 z+ d 动名词前加the 后变化为一个纯粹的名词,不可再加名词了4 m) F S& S2 ?* n
三、状语从句引导词与近义介词/adv.的混用
7 }, i+ N8 h3 x; V$ \ 1. when, while/during, in
9 y$ l) C$ k3 Q ? * when, while+ noun. 永远错6 ^9 q. h4 m8 d3 {
during + 句子 永远错7 W# ?5 Y n" y( Z, k/ _+ r0 @
2. although/despite9 {& y+ |1 h% ]
despite + 句子 永远错6 I& I$ `) D! K. Q8 w
despite the fact that 对3 n, U; v' D; r: U" F3 H
3. even though/even5 I& W6 I# x, F% M0 q
前者为连词,后者为副词
: s/ ^9 {7 e) S1 v6 N- X# _# e even + 句子 永远错0 }" B& l* c1 U, \5 W
四、平衡连接词与近义副词的混用7 H) F$ o) x5 |7 b( t; K# j Q9 ^
1. and/also0 H& R3 y8 e. W( S: f8 Q2 W+ }
前连后副
4 k4 x9 w# A6 d* W+ |, } V also V 对
3 B* l* G( d4 W+ L6 } noun. also noun. 错7 w" G6 U. Y, U9 ^& `( |0 M' h" a& d
2. or / else& {, t1 S1 U9 ^/ Y' I: C9 G
前连后副) R- h. U! B+ ~- Y/ r
by scant else by color 错' M9 w" ~4 y7 |3 o7 w# c
3. but/instead* u. W5 ~" }! r' k* \, }% r
前连后副# [4 t1 n# B5 J q
五、表示人的名词与表示物的同根名词的混用
3 O' U; L4 c+ a0 d% u architect -> architectural L' e: d, `: M) o3 y, Q4 ~
inventor -> inventation
! V# P: d7 R8 i sculptor -> sculpture
1 L5 x* e& c6 m7 e& Y! } poet -> poem, poetry
}4 N( w& u2 G, t ] Z novelist -> novel
& G8 h G5 P& S2 R educator -> education# \; j9 [8 H" \: {( R
settler -> settlement
2 {! ]% _* G9 R5 S9 v composer -> composition3 @1 M/ B* Q& D' j9 h0 |
engineer -> engineering
% H( c3 A' @+ f, L$ V 六、作定语,名词和形容词的混用
" N% i5 |- y8 ~; H) Z/ @2 h 原则:表示同一概念的形容词比名词优先" s0 N# l: `- q/ t- E' r/ k
eg: certain 比certainty优先
2 p; m l& z; y; D) I0 q 当意义不同时,就无所谓优先, d/ E5 W, q- T7 m, h0 r
如: color monitor 彩显 _! y% Z2 t. l% f4 j, J J h& v
colorful monitor 外观彩色的显示器" X8 n p8 M M, S6 a
colorful effect 多彩的效果
% l5 H3 E8 j, d% n' Z color effect 彩色效果) c9 M+ _. G8 }5 {9 \
例外:
) j$ [6 a3 B9 ^! j p1 A; K, p% o 1. 没有表示同一概念的形容词时,只能用名词修饰# ~2 [" w b+ j! {2 q3 v; T
the city or regional planning
; C6 d: C/ a1 X9 ]4 ? Beijing city commercial bank
: W% L$ w9 | [$ {# z( h e the state government9 U/ a0 M! z- y1 n7 A3 k
2. noun. + noun. 为特定含义时,不改为adj.
m. s6 ~9 ?. R2 F e7 A7 w safty glass 防弹玻璃# L& y. ^7 [: X% B6 I
exhibition flights 飞行表演" F; L: f+ z" t
color monitor 彩显
( T1 J% ~/ w% x/ V& a$ w7 B- V1 T 3. noun.修饰noun.,表示后一个名词的本质属性,品质,种类时,不改adj.
$ d: y9 u* P6 t0 M ***noun. + noun. 最后选7 U' ^& `+ X8 l# {& W- s b B- G; p7 U
beauty salon 对. T- a' U# g Q
intelligence test 对
2 M! l; K C3 U1 V+ G7 a *noun.+noun.在一起 a. 最后选
! M' w+ r" R) L7 W& _8 B b. 有无同概念形容词
9 T' ^9 N: y7 P, l c. 看句意
. F& g# C' [3 L) ~. m( @- A 七、作修饰语,形容词和副词的混用 O; _, H. w0 `+ P- v& Q9 S
1. 副词永远不能修饰名词- _& ?# q, R& `: i% b" u
up arms -> upper arms l( h1 @; Z3 v) ~; A& D: `; G0 d
注意陷阱:adv. + 同位语
% f# G9 \3 @! q: m# s3 B7 W * special 永远改 especially9 v) J' z( G- n: u8 h0 b
The common cold, (which is) normally a minor illness, can threaten
6 E4 a! R+ F4 }: d" ~7 X the health of patient./ @/ K8 X5 J3 a5 X* K, C( H( I. y( n& e
2. adj. + adj. + noun.% f( X6 H. _% H _1 S
依次修饰关系
$ ]3 d; a3 b& f% O$ e* E3 w an old red car
( I, ]+ Q- n7 U9 i a frequent pretty girl(??)
5 ^7 f7 K4 j( c5 @3 D" G' | 3. adv. + 数 + noun. ; 数 + adj. + noun. 对. q+ Y/ r! R5 }3 l3 R* p
数 + adv. + noun. ; adj. + 数 + noun. 错8 B% H$ z* ^+ v7 J, l3 f' r0 J
adv. + 数 + adj. + noun. 对
. J2 h+ e C& C$ {" M 4. ┏ adj./ H6 Y& S: L( r0 S$ D
┃ V. ~- E v; ?& W# c* u( k
adj. + ┃ prep.) J1 I: r1 c) S/ j" s
~~~~ ┃ adv.1 p1 ~* ~% J4 f& K7 {9 J
┗>adv. ┃ 分词短语$ f0 d& j2 _, q5 U. Z. |
┗ 数词怯朐亩敛牧系穆呒叵凳鞘裁础T谡庖坏闵希峦懈K坪跤邢?GRE考试靠拢的趋势(其实早在2003年8月托福考试的时候,这一趋势就初露端倪了,当时的阅读部分篇幅、题干和选项的长度均出现了类似于GRE阅读的情况),当然,需要有进一步的研究来证实这种猜想。不过,考生在今后的准备中,不仅要从语言上进行提炼,还要注意行文的逻辑关系,这一点应该是不会错的? |