12. Hastings‘ contracture is a disorder of the connective tissue in one or both hands, most commonly causing loss of mobility. A survey of thousands of medical-insurance claims found that over 30 percent of people who had one hand operated on for Hastings' contracture underwent surgery a second time for this disorder within three years. Clearly, therefore, a single surgical treatment of Hastings' contracture is often ineffective at providing long-term correction of the disorder.</p> Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
$ G% }; G2 J# m2 S2 @ (A) The medical-insurance claims did not specie whether the surgery was on the patient's right or left hand.5 P. x5 [, J' u0 l' _, `
(B) The surgical techniques used to treat Hastings' contracture are identical to those used successfully to treat certain work-related injuries to the hand.1 g# c: }0 u1 k- I( W
(C) A separate survey found that 90 percent of patients operated on for Hastings' contracture report increased hand mobility within one month after the surgery.. R: p/ R3 x' o; \! a
(D) All of the patients in the survey were required by their insurance companies to seek a second opinion from a qualified surgeon before undergoing the operation.. [( F2 T) P: H9 W( e
(E) Many people who have Hastings' contracture choose to tolerate its effects rather than undergo the risks of surgery.- ?# T) z$ j& O8 w: W
13.The most widely used therapy for a certain type of ulcer completely heals such ulcers in 44 percent of patients within six months. In a six-month trial of a new therapy for this type of ulcer. 80 percent of ulcers treated achieved significant healing and 61 percent were completely heated. Since the trial treated only ulcers of this type that were worse than average, the new therapy clearly promotes healing more effectively than the most widely used therapy.
$ a% r4 U( ]! |8 k The answer to which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the argument given?8 A; Q" {! h9 t% D) a( p) p+ a* p
(A) What differences are there, if any, in the ways that the two therapies are administered?/ ?/ x3 S9 J8 w' v9 ]$ f1 l( f0 s, K
(B) Is there any significant difference between the costs associated with the two therapies?
" |/ J; p( ?5 ^$ ^* G4 i+ p (C) What percentage of people with ulcers of this type who were treated with the most widely used therapy for six months experienced significant healing?3 @0 e/ a+ \6 N% Z; X! }
(D) How quickly do ulcers of this type, if left untreated, become significantly worse.3 E" ^8 R5 `: D# X4 w
(E) What percentage of patients involved in the six-month trial of the new therapy were disappointed at the rate of healing were experiencing?
, J' i; B) S- O/ O* L 14.A society can achieve a fair distribution of resources only under conditions of economic growth. There can be no economic growth unless the society guarantees equality of economic opportunity to all of its citizens. Equality of economic opportunity cannot be guaranteed unless a society's government actively works to bring it about. b* Q6 u0 M& Q, I
If the statements given are true, it can be properly concluded from them that& q, l9 F5 D, d9 I! U- L. \
(A) no government can achieve a fair distribution of resources under conditions of economic growth) R6 }3 \. W# y) W
(B) all societies that guarantee equality of economic opportunity to all of their members are societies that distribute resources fairly, M4 s" _, h6 g. s S. _
(C) a society can achieve a fair distribution of resources only if its government actively works to bring about equality of economic opportunity
# q# X4 s1 l% G% Q (D) there ran be no economic growth in a society unless that society guarantees a fair distribution of resources
: ]( Z0 \0 C- ]: U: j' \% U (E) some societies that experience economic growth fail to guarantee equality of opportunity to all of their citizens
& Q7 }- c5 q# ?8 s! H) x( h' m 15.High Towers, a company that occupies several office buildings, is considering installing new energy-efficient lightbulbs in its buildings. The new bulbs require less than half the electricity consumed by the conventional bulbs currently used to produce the same amount of light. The new bulbs also last considerably longer. It follows that by replacing old bulbs as they bum out with the new kind of bulb, High Towers would significantly reduce its overall lighting costs. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument given?1 B1 j$ L* q6 @7 `$ U3 O% D
(A) If the new bulbs are widely adopted, as seems likely, they will be produced in large enough quantities to be offered at prices comparable to those of conventional bulbs.+ Z5 Z: X; Z! k/ ?% E, |0 o
(B) The utility that supplies High Towers with electricity offers discount rates to its largest customers.( d3 s; h; j2 o r
(C) High Towers has recently signed a contract to occupy an additional small office building.. O; w( L" V, L( ^5 U' [& U
(D) High Towers has begun a campaign to encourage its employees to turn off lights whenever they leave a room.
/ F3 I) H2 M0 `1 v$ z. O8 U! p0 _ (E) The company that manufactures the new bulbs has been granted a patent on the innovative technology used in the bulbs and thus has exclusive rights to manufacture them.! |# s8 ~/ N/ Y+ V7 a9 y
参考答案:EDBBD BEBAE DDCCA |