4. It takes a particular talent to be a successful business manager. Business courses can help people to solve management problems, but such courses can do so only for those people with managerial talent. Such people should take business courses to acquire ideas that they can subsequently use to good advantage if management problems happen to arise.</p> If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them?
2 ?) P L( P( Q (A) People who are helped by business courses in solving management problems also have managerial talent.
5 ]6 d! ^' S/ X( r% v9 I0 i/ F (B) People who are already skilled at solving management problems are unlikely to benefit from business courses.
) O, q' l" G7 V (C) Most ideas that are used successfully in solving management problems are those acquired in business courses.* A( I4 c& e* o
(D) People who lack managerial talent are more likely to take business courses than are people who have managerial talent.
4 c) S) V5 e# L (E) Those people who have never taken business courses are unable to solve management problems when such problems arise.
0 M) l; z! w' h5 r 5. When a driver is suspected of having had too much to drink, testing the driver's ability to walk a straight line gives a more reliable indication of fitness to drive than does testing the driver's blood-alcohol level.
! o; X$ @" f. `( K! o Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim made in the statement above?
5 S- @3 v( y9 P! @ (A) Not all observers will agree whether or not an individual has succeeded in walking a straight line.1 R) H' k( o0 P6 x, P8 k
(B) Because of genetic differences and variations in acquired tolerance to alcohol, some individuals suffer more serious motor impairment from a given high blood-alcohol level than do others.
) R0 v& S$ J' U l. d; S (C) Tests designed to measure blood-alcohol levels are accurate, inexpensive, and easy to administer.% b! t3 p( ^% o S0 |. A
(D) More than half the drivers involved in fatal accidents have blood-alcohol levels that exceed the legal limit, whereas in less-serious accidents the proportion of legally intoxicated drivers is lower." X1 g. @+ ~# b# l
(E) Some individuals with high blood-alcohol levels are capable of walking a straight line but are not capable of driving safely.
3 U4 U1 y+ V( A* p, C' e4 u) r5 |" n; x 6. That sales can be increased by the presence of sunlight within a store has been shown by the experience of the only Savefast department store with a large skylight. The skylight allows sunlight into half of the store, reducing the need for artificial light. The rest of the store uses only artificial light. Since the store opened two years ago, the departments on the sunlit side have had substantially higher sales than the other departments.
- \: r* R5 u0 \ Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
9 S% @9 L3 t6 u' @ J" H; y- @ (A) On particularly cloudy days, more artificial light is used to illuminate the part of the store under the skylight.
: C# u( }9 p& n% l/ I (B) When the store is open at night, the departments in the part of the store under the skylight have sales that are no higher than those of other departments.3 F* ?( ?+ \- K( }& I
(C) Many customers purchase items from departments in both parts of the store on a single shopping trip.6 }: G1 K$ p% p
(D) Besides the skylight, there are several significant architectural differences between the two parts of the store.
: v J- b5 v5 \0 } \ (E) The departments in the part of the store under the skylight are the departments that generally have the highest sales in other stores in the Savefast chain.
6 ?: j" Q; Y9 z3 e* b k+ I, G 7. To protect beachfront buildings from ocean storms, ocean resorts have built massive seawalls between beaches and the buildings. Not only do the seawalls block off some buildings' ocean view, but the beaches themselves become ever narrower, because sand can no longer creep inland as storms erode it at the water's edge. If the information is correct, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported on the basis of it?7 H6 y' j' j- f
(A) Since the ferocity of ocean storms is increasing, increasingly high seawalls must be built between beaches and beachfront property.& n) n- z, U h3 c
(B) Even when beaches are heavily used by people, they are necessary to the survival of the many wild species that use them.
% I2 H. f1 x4 p+ x5 H7 E (C) Seawalls constructed to protect beachfront buildings will not themselves eventually be damaged by storms and will not require, if they are to protect the buildings, expensive repair or replacement.
2 ^4 w, Y1 Q* j, q& L (D) The conservation of beaches for future generations should be the overriding goal of shore management at ocean coasts.) v" t D# q: x1 f! v0 w
(E) Trying to protect beachfront buildings by constructing seawalls is counterproductive in the long run for an oceanfront community wishing to maintain itself as a beach resort.
: C0 [+ q& m8 e3 i8 s1 M 8. A study found that 70 percent of children surveyed in 1970 had at one time had cavities, whereas only 50 percent of those surveyed in 1985 had ever had cavities. The researchers concluded that the level of dental disease in children had declined between 1970 and 1985. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the researchers' conclusion presented above?
9 `) B9 `) r1 y M4 I& o0 w& | (A) Cavities are the most common kind of dental disease to which children are subject.
( u( k6 n) k9 G (B) The children surveyed came from a broad variety of income backgrounds.
' Y& {1 L S0 w+ t( j (C) The children surveyed were selected from among students of teachers cooperating with the researchers.
5 ^) J3 R: d, f4 E2 T (D) The accuracy of cavity detection techniques has improved dramatically since 1970.
g1 |1 J& G& b (E) The children surveyed in 1985 were younger on average than those surveyed in 1970. |