动名词 三个基本句型7 R8 N% ?% [0 g' Q8 i) }
▲主+系动词+表9 y$ ?; {8 H9 m. M7 u1 n/ }% L
The earth is a globe.
# y6 k) @ {1 v8 _+ p: n* ] ~ 我们居住的地球 是 一个大球体; t- s. G; z9 Q1 j
The earth where we live is a big globe.$ [$ q. V" i6 r0 V0 v4 X
▲谓+主+状 = there be
: X4 u7 ^) ^% ~3 t# f! N, @ There is a book on the table
4 E5 |. D I# N. Q4 |/ F 然而,在那个国家还有成千上万的年轻人 却很难找到工作。3 e5 ?2 S9 u' ~& G+ E" F3 N
However, in that country there are also thousands and thousands of young people who find it very difficult to get work.: _/ O. K5 B: k- t* U% f
▲ 主+谓+宾+状% |! P& ]$ ^' c2 U
The tree saved their lives in the flood(s). N3 w7 N F! l
正是那棵树 在洪水中救了 他们的命。0 E# |9 O9 ~9 | i) F
It was the tree that saved their lives in the flood(s).
# z0 j$ }' k3 z. k9 S! q 我们 无法想象 在那个遥远的星球上存在什么东西。
$ k* i0 s) A( T/ A E7 B We cannot imagine what exists on that far-away planet.
Z1 ]$ _8 b: o: H 非谓语动词
' V/ O" E% A; H! v3 {. O 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
( \$ D7 r6 W# _: R' z i 1)不定式
8 a2 C+ O* O. e8 o; g/ y 时态\语态 主动 被动) H$ j) q# L* T; s ^! @4 @
一般式 to do to be done* @) T; Z7 [/ W" z
完成式 to have done to have been done
8 h4 X C5 V- V. H 2)动名词
8 b- ? ~+ J) X6 N a7 S- d' e& O' F/ ? 时态\语态 主动 被动
. H' ^8 s8 {: [* A0 o+ N. D; p) o5 I 一般式 doing being done
. f$ D- e A4 ~. q7 l 完成式 having done having been done4 i) Q0 X& o& s% v
3)分词
- h7 S1 X' n* N+ m1 P 时态\语态 主动 被动
; C6 V) r5 A% _ h1 I- e 一般式 doing being done
4 g. y5 k7 K; ]+ C8 S 完成式 having done having been done" }6 E! O& v+ y4 Q/ G! ]4 N
否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词,not + 现在分词) Z9 H2 ?4 s0 n) ]$ A( F; @
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加-ing构成,它在句中起名词的作用,可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。/ }1 W1 I1 r' y* X) t4 S9 ?
1、 动名词作主语
! p. j6 v6 Z% D7 `. X0 c) G Walking is good exercise.* f' k$ x4 b: w' d, v( m, X1 S
走路是很好的运动
/ P, ^/ q: r1 n# B4 ]% ~4 n8 l Seeing is believing.1 A( ^) m8 s' j
眼见为实。' z- W9 t; p% ]* T: p- ?2 Q2 B% H& I& |& G
Smoking may cause cancer.$ B+ F# t' p0 E$ {; w6 z
吸烟可能导致癌症。
( y& H( O( [' r) h, t! F" { Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.) D, t1 F4 Z- t. A( g" o
乘火车到杭州要16个小时。3 l: I/ x+ u! Z, n2 y
Swimming develops the muscles.
1 ]/ s3 {# R1 T6 c& [% Z 游泳可以发展肌肉。
9 k$ t: U% ?" p: E3 U$ ^ 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语。如:
! Y4 X. l+ c( e2 ?: `* M) I( [ m It's nice talking with you.
8 Q; R: j" y2 @ [: R 和你谈话很高兴。
8 J2 F0 f6 V# G' w It's no use arguing with him.) e$ {' g9 v% G1 z" b) r, b. w
跟他争论没用。' ~6 ~. H/ x& t) M6 I5 V
It is no use sending him over. It's too late already.
, }$ Y( P7 Z, `* \ 派他去没用,已经太晚了。2 G6 k& j3 o4 g ^! D: U ?
It was very difficult getting everything ready in time.
. Q# {+ R/ E/ d6 { 要把一切按时准备好很困难。
" w1 `2 H9 m& r7 K1 I3 r5 X "There + be + no + -ing"结构,如:
$ d; [, ^, ]# h; i( | There is no joking about such matters./ L' B& p1 H. I: b+ X5 }* L6 x$ `- \
这种事开不得玩笑。
* a# L& r) l0 {; ]; D8 X There is no harm in doing so.
; N" w o3 Q2 R6 e/ \ 这样做没有害处。
/ D, \; }4 X' N h; g9 I. ~ There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity.% E/ @0 ? v+ y! `7 \" |
不容否认新方法大大提高了劳动生产率。0 {/ b' i) E* h/ G, n/ C
2、 动名词作表语
; L* I8 Y: T4 L; K Her job is raising pigs.
, {1 A- f! H( k* h 她的工作是养猪。- v" T5 c: j$ {/ r/ A" z
This food smells inviting.9 e4 I+ ^/ m2 `! ]5 |0 ^
这种食物香味怡人。' n- Y0 O# U; K9 p! [7 l! k
The only thing that interests her is dancing.* ?7 r! [0 o* q. w' h
她唯一感兴趣的事就是跳舞。
5 Y$ P" A! l) }8 v6 j% V My favorite sport is swimming.
4 y s; t, H( Y- ~ Y* `7 Y 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。1 f( ?% p! b7 t2 W1 B' P2 B
To keep money you have found is stealing.
4 v3 M" P& M2 T 捡到钱不交等于偷窃。: _- C4 ^+ Q# N: w4 a( Y1 K
3、 动名词作宾语1 S- }4 ~7 c5 u" {+ G/ }
Your shoes need polishing.9 X! \6 e# n+ ~9 ?' S& X
你的皮鞋该擦了。
! e7 D& g2 H1 z8 v0 N% m Jim dislikes eating chocolate.8 ~! R3 T9 \8 t6 m
吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。
" w7 a- w& k& q Would you mind filling out this form?
, k' ~/ q; W9 P! j0 B6 G 请填一下这张表好吗? a. x' V4 }: R7 O( O6 Q1 I# t
She can't help crying at a sad movie.
5 C# r _) T& Z+ k* @ 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
$ a, u/ Q% F$ f V4 I3 y 医生让多运动。2 H3 @2 h$ M7 l0 s$ p/ W) \: a
The doctor advised taking exercise.
7 W8 a) ^# |9 E9 |/ r The thief admitted entering the house.( f6 {: m5 V" E3 g5 p' a$ h
小偷承认进了屋。
0 ^- D* {; n' z8 I' K6 K 学生们的卷子改完没有?) d. g4 j1 J0 h, A/ f' ^/ _- L- a
Have you finished correcting the students' papers? # U! c, l8 j% m- k
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