会话技能 1.试题分析
7 t! T: r6 q# d! F: a( i 2.交际错误可能涉及的范围- L5 ?# N: ?: D* v* p" I' g0 t
2.1会话双方的身份、关系
: g6 {- {6 m) W4 g- t 老板——职员 老师——学生 海关人员——乘客: ^) v; u8 h7 j4 G- J
邮局人员——顾客 售货员——顾客 银行人员——顾客; F5 X( c+ U5 Q' O! U* s+ H" I9 I* \
医生——病人 饭店前台——客人 售票员——乘客; O! D' M* Z1 V, F2 X
侍者——客人 丈夫——妻子 父母——儿女% a+ h# s- h( h6 v) X' b
朋友之间 同事之间 同学之间
" R+ s5 m% q1 z7 h2 ] 2.2会话场合——正式程度来源北京安通学校
) V/ m4 r: Y) b6 R1 q' X 正式的表达方式:一般使用问句、情态动词(would,could,may,shall等)、句子比较长% X- ]3 y" |8 ?" V
非正式的表达方式:一般使用省略句、有疑问但使用正常语序、用词口语化、句子比较短
' Z5 C A/ t1 ~" g* F 2.3中西文化差异造成的交际表达方式不同
5 ~9 F' n; Z7 e 2.4会话内容6 U4 ]7 Z H+ }+ ~; V
3.会话内容
* ?& x; l1 x* ^, L6 G% R 3.1会面
e! Q1 e* C+ ]' B+ M 3.1.1初次见面* f2 r" y9 V( @1 t0 E/ a4 k2 K
3.1.2再次见面、打招呼、再见 k" V) R, q" g3 v S
3.2询问$ T2 d7 l* M! w9 [
3.2.1问时间
# ~9 f- n4 A% m 3.2.2问天气
$ X' T) V% y4 W) U, g) Z8 T: {- } 3.2.3问路
% u. _/ ]6 \# G* |3 U. V- G$ f6 w1 c 3.2.4问个人情况' H; m( Y! k! h
3.2.5问个人观点. V. Q/ r- R& O
3.2.5.1订立约定
$ O. }5 q+ o( m2 m1 F' J; H! L 3.2.5.2提建议
" ~' D o I/ D. e# k 3.2.5.3提供帮助
* |8 s T" _# `* f, y I 3.2.5.4个人喜好
& s) ~ K A0 ^ U 3.2.5.5请帮忙
: s9 P1 D. ?0 V# O5 @. z3 _ 3.3听到消息& m6 C/ r9 @1 C3 }# e5 k3 t
3.4消极谈话内容* y8 K+ J$ ~) [/ ]( v: T
3.4.1抱歉9 Q1 }" E8 G5 T4 U
3.4.2抱怨# n" b5 }* B9 |; D8 j% ~# h
3.5其他场景
2 W6 U H" E) R, m" ~8 a 3.5.1打电话; |" ^; ^5 R5 n6 X6 ~9 i
3.5.2购物
) q& E; L3 F8 D/ n9 l 3.5.3看病
8 {! L% u9 W& z0 o4 U7 u 1.老板——职员
3 M5 h+ Z; x0 \$ _ W/ U ? Boss: Have you typed the letter to Mr. Johnson?
( U. t0 p* \: `" P1 \3 p9 ^ ? Secretary: I’ve just typed it. Here you are.
2 W! N* A: G) s* v ? Boss: And the letter to Mr. Bailey?
G. `9 U% s) D. @8 E* P2 G ? Secretary: I haven’t typed that one yet.
. n7 W- G" q$ ] ? Boss: Has Mr. Davies phoned?; A1 S Z8 U6 O/ \ T
? Secretary: No, he hasn’t phoned yet.
0 _* f* q" {' ]+ `% I. v! F ? Boss: Have you phoned Mr. Jackson?
; F* F2 @/ w6 c2 Y# S ? Secretary: Yes. I phoned him a moment ago. He wasn’t in his office. I’m going to phone again in a few minutes.
9 l; T1 v+ C1 u4 @4 l ? Boss. Thank you.
4 |0 f( f9 a { ? A: Now, you’re an engineer, Mr. Green?& x/ @7 s% U1 e: l. Y: Z
? B: Yes, that’s right. I’ve been an electrical engineer for four years.
$ p7 G T! s; @+ p1 x" y& y ? A: But where are you working now?
/ L K; @8 d) J: L ? B: Well, I’m working for Robinsons at the moment.) J; p% }. T# O: D
? A: You used to work for Johnson Brothers.
" c: G/ V+ x( m4 g+ Z2 { ? B: Yes, that’s right.2 h. Y r$ ?6 E' W) n
? A: Now, tell me, do you speak French or German? [- _6 F) o+ W% p+ T
? B: Well, I’m learning French.& }: h3 p* j2 h" Q4 z
? A: Ah, good. There’s a very good job here which requires a minimum knowledge of French.. k; [: I5 R4 c4 M
2.老师——学生. [3 E* e' \" X" c% c+ m. x- D
? Li: Excuse me, miss.6 j7 y0 Q, ^6 d% h3 x2 h
? Librarian: Yes. May I help you?
- I5 D: c7 d# X( q4 P# E ? Li: I’m new student here. I wonder if someone might have time to show me around.
4 @. p _! y9 |8 l: c, y ? Librarian: I’d be very glad to do so, but I’m busy now. Could you come back about 3:30?( J1 i, L& ^6 Z/ S
? Li: Sure. 3:30 this afternoon.9 z; U: }; y! u) [' P \" l: {' f
? Librarian: Good. See you later.
. c. r. P0 `9 ]+ |" ]6 T ? Li: Thank you. Bye-bye.
- B: T F4 w j 3.海关人员——乘客/ s. Y; S3 h% l, s! v1 s
? A: How many pieces of luggage do you want to check, sir?5 D- L2 i" b! u
? B: I have two.
8 T, T4 M. Z+ I1 u! D6 o& P, H ? A: Fine. Do you have any hand luggage?& L1 t7 D' W2 b( G, z
? B: Yes. I have these two small shoulder bags.
- V- r* d8 L7 N! h ? A: That’s fine. But your luggage is three kilos overweight, so I’ll have to charge you.
: R% D, x- `" g! @ ? B: Just a minute, please. I’ll carry my dictionary in my hand and then it won’t be overweight.; h( o' {. J y0 S( L# e
? A: That’s fine, sir. Your flight leaves from Gate 13A at 7:15 exactly., A; C" f: @& r6 e5 a
? B: Which direction is Gate 13A?
/ v) w" {, @! @, ]: _, U ? A: It’s over there, to your left.0 }# n# a: _" `- {/ y8 w; d
? B: Thank you. That’s 7:15?
4 }( S, `. Q4 h& s; R2 | ? A: Yes, sir.
+ I) n6 b" M6 G5 m7 I; q3 ^ ? B: Thank you.
) I* F, n. O4 K, ~ 4.售货员——顾客; u; |: F5 C" A
? A: Good morning, sir. Can I help you?. u% K1 s9 m$ ^( y5 e) \, r
? B: Yes, I’m looking for a present, for my wife.
$ c% c0 C# o" t& u ? A: Ah, this handbag is very nice, sir.6 W& P; ~! t* `: n, b- d$ f% f
? B: Is it expensive?( H6 U, e4 K9 Q
? A: Oh, no, sir. It’s quite cheap. It costs 15 pounds.2 Z* j+ X8 v3 E1 t! s; B: Z
? B: Fifteen pounds! That’s too expensive, I’m afraid.5 N4 E4 M/ ?6 w- {7 A
? A: Look at this vase, sir./ W' |6 B, l% u- d% s' `9 e$ ~
? B: No, that one’s too big. What about the one next to it?+ f L9 \6 ?% I0 I
? A: Ah, yes, sir. This one is smaller and it’s cheaper.
1 @2 @5 Q2 l" B7 P ? B: How much does it cost?
& n% W5 F0 Y( C/ b/ `/ \ ? A: Eleven pounds 30.
1 S7 L- P g$ y; O# S g- u2 n ? B: Eleven pounds 30. That’s much more expensive than I expected. What about a book.
) a& K4 i1 |: Y 5.银行人员——顾客
+ X! R9 B) {" |4 J) {) M ? Bank Clerk: Can I help you?
( \/ |' R @, r" Y ? Ling: Yes. I’d like to open an account, please.6 \/ K8 l& _0 g! Y) j# b7 N( `; f
? C: What sort of account did you have in mind?
; ?- N8 L2 ?# a9 B8 B$ X ? L: I’m not sure. Perhaps you can make some suggestions to me.! b( C3 u3 X+ h
? C: How much money do you plan to keep in your account on a regular basis?
9 Y& x4 V# L& t. B0 w+ q( l ? L: I don’t have much.0 Y7 L6 }% G% [; r) c) [
? C: Oh, I see. What you really need is a checking account so you can pay your bills. |