有效的句子要有重点,并且要突出重点。句子的重点可以通过下列方法,加以突出:
1 g' P* o! y, w( Q. ~! n 1. 把重点摆在句首或句尾. 一般而论,最显眼的位置是在“句尾,其次是在句首,中间的位置最平淡,乏善可陈。例如:" s' L' Z0 r" \& w" _
(1).Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers' attention.( T3 ^7 g8 u: |
(2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilization.
! s. H. U3 M( g$ H$ n 把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法,读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。. g }1 @) w+ p# w
2. 在复杂句里,把主句放在从句之后.除了名词从句和形容词从句之外,因为它们位置较固定,副词从句中有几种的位置灵活,可以在主句之前出现,也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前,重点则放在后头的主句,如:
3 b, ~0 K( e2 x; i# R (3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.1 {3 f$ D" y# _* L) }/ x1 _
When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.
+ E" ]0 P$ `: e3 w, N 副词短语更是如此,如 :: W5 g% J/ Q/ l! c
(4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.( R1 z9 f! G" t/ k$ p/ }
Because of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools.
2 @8 w* l2 i5 }. V: Y D, D 3. 把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头,如和:
( N! n# q9 R9 g: D7 x1 K (5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera
- }) l& N$ Z6 p- d8 [( f. y I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.
/ v) n; [2 Q: s; C0 D2 S7 e. j5 z (6a) That singer's life was tragic and brief.( o p! I7 o: e% @5 A
That singer's life was brief and tragic. , x* D; G' R9 E! R% e
4. 把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如:来自www.Examw.com: e5 }1 ^9 Y/ _3 H2 F
(7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.# s3 g( W3 f, g Q
(8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?
- ?+ t5 o% O; e 5. 必要时,重复重要的语词或概念。 例如:
( F" v1 [$ n) {9 \7 N4 E (9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence.
: N+ H# n! F0 x5 B/ p (10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.
7 I) r' [! N' B1 }/ e8 f3 { 6. 尽量用主动语态,因此比(11a)好:* ?0 g) `( q; ~1 z6 ^
(11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.
8 j! f2 @5 w$ J+ {& g# n A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.
9 m- y: o7 L j7 F 7. 适当时候,可用倒装句和平行句,如:
' t6 n! u2 }# [$ C (12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the center of the dark forest. →
( \5 {5 H9 W P% T+ h5 {8 e Here, in the center of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.
6 h& S9 P) N, D5 }, G% h) ]$ ^' T (13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.- |2 n, m- a% S2 }( p9 @
(14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent. |