新GRE写作指导：修辞手法的运用（下）
6) Understatement：(含蓄陈述)： It is the opposite of hyperbole， or overstatement。 It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it， impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement。For instance， It is no laughing matter。7) Euphemism：(委婉)： It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant。For instance， we refer to "die" as " pass away"。
8) Metonymy (转喻)： It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another。For instance， the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces)。
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9) Synecdoche (提喻)： It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole， or the whole for the part。For instance， they say there‘s bread and work for all。 She was dressed in silks。
10) Antonomasia (换喻)：It has also to do with substitution。 It is not often mentioned now， though it is still in frequent use。
For example， Solomon for a wise man。 Daniel for a wise and fair judge。 Judas for a traitor。
上面的几种修辞手法我们有时候在不经意的时候就用了，刻意的去构思有时候反而想不到，而一般非英语专业的同学也不必每种修辞手法都详细了解并学习。
11) Pun (双关语)： It is a play on words， or rather a play on the form and meaning of words。
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For instance， a cannon-ball took off his legs， so he laid down his arms。 (Here "arms" has two meanings： a person‘s body; weapons carried by a soldier.
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