6) Understatement:(含蓄陈述): It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement。 It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement。For instance, It is no laughing matter。 7 m, |" i. Y" S; }7 Z' ]7 r
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7) Euphemism:(委婉): It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant。For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away"。 7 t9 X* o2 M! Y 3 E) p7 S* S& f7 e8) Metonymy (转喻): It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another。For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces)。 " E4 R) d- S3 L9 D+ b+ o# [
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9) Synecdoche (提喻): It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part。For instance, they say there‘s bread and work for all。 She was dressed in silks。 3 J0 Q; k9 ]0 z4 r
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10) Antonomasia (换喻):It has also to do with substitution。 It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use。 ; N; D) p! A3 X- l% ?
! p0 j. N+ |, s" uFor example, Solomon for a wise man。 Daniel for a wise and fair judge。 Judas for a traitor。 ]9 j9 ?$ O* A* ^7 H - o# U/ r3 [0 T+ x# B* l
上面的几种修辞手法我们有时候在不经意的时候就用了,刻意的去构思有时候反而想不到,而一般非英语专业的同学也不必每种修辞手法都详细了解并学习。 : d1 ]' n; D- n% \7 A ' ]4 g9 _ X3 ^6 I/ C
11) Pun (双关语): It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words。 0 Z: H* @6 g# S3 \& f. ?% W www.examw.com% W$ Q2 x8 d8 C' i% {
For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms。 (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person‘s body; weapons carried by a soldier.