银行辅导：中国银行业的作用（3）
Overview of the Banking Industry in ChinaI.The Role of the Banking Sector in China
Paragragh 5 (P1)
1.Fourth, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems.
第四，银行部门为现代财政和企业体制的发展提供必要的国家支付体系。
(1)the indispensable national payment mechanism：必要的国家支付体系
indispensable：a．不可缺少的；绝对必要的
mechanism: n.way in which sth works or is constructed：机制；结构
例：competitive mechanism：竞争机制
exchange rate mechanism：汇率机制
market mechanism：市场机制
price mechanism：价格机制
mechanism of exchange：交易机构
mechanism of government：政府机构
(2)modern financial and business systems：现代财务制度和工商企业体系Paragragh 6
2.Fifth, the banking system as a whole reduces risks through aggregation and enables them to be carried by those more willing to bear them.
整个银行体系采用集中风险的手段来降低风险，使那些更原意承担风险的人去承担风险。
(1)aggregation: n.聚集；汇集（风险）
aggregate: v.bring or come together in a mass聚集；汇聚
them:此处指“风险”
carry them (risks):负担（具有）风险
carry: v. involve;entail:具有；使负担
例：The loan carries 3.5% interest.该贷款负担百分之三点五的利息。
(2)(those persons) (who are) more willing to bear them:更原意承担风险的（那些人）
由(who are) willing to bear them定语从句（简化为分词短语）修饰前面的those (persons)。
bear: v.endure承担；忍受
Paragragh 7
3.Following five decades of evolution, particularly more than two decades of reform and opening to the outside world, China's banking sector has entered a stage of vigorous development.
中国银行业经过50年的发展，特别是经过20多年的改革开放，已经进入了一个蓬勃发展的阶段。
(1)decade: n.period of ten years:十年的期间
(2)evolution: n.process of opening out or developing:发育；发展
(3)reform and opening to the outside world:改革开放
银行辅导：中国银行业的作用（3）
4、The past few years have seen marked acceleration of China's banking reform, particularly significant strengthening of the central bank’s capacity for supervision and microeconomic management.在过去的几年中，中国银行业的改革速度显着加快，特别是强化了中央银行的监管职能和对宏观经济的管理职能。
(1)strenghen: v.make or become strong(er)加强；强化
(2)capacity: n.ability能力；职能
(3)supervision: n.监督；管理
supervise: v.watch and direct监督；管理；指导
(4)microeconomic management:宏观经济管理
(5)openness: n.open+ness
Paragragh 8
5. The evolution of the Chinese banking system can be broadly divided into three phases.
现代中国银行业体制的发展演变大体上分为三个阶段。
(1)phase: n.stage of development:阶段；时期
6.The establishment of the People's Bank of China (PBC) in December 1984 marked the beginning of the first phase, which was characterized by a mono-bank engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations.
这个阶段以中国人民银行由既从事政策性银行业务，又从事商业性银行业务的单一银行（制度）为特征。
本句为由which引导的非限制性定语从句，对主句作补充说明。
(1)be characterized by …:以……为特征
(2)mono-bank (system):单一银行（制度）
mono-:（字首）表示“单一”之意。
(3)由engaged in …过去分词短语修饰前面的a mono-bank (system)。
6.It is dictated by highly centralized planned economic system.
这种体制是由高度集中的计划经济体制决定的。
(1)highly centralized planned economic system:高度集中的计划经济体制
(2)dictate: v.口授命令；支配
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