2011成考高起点英语语法归纳与练习19
第十九节 —ED分词（一）-ED分词的用法
一、-ED分词作表语
The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.
已经形容词化了的-ED分词大都作表语，常见的有：accomplished， amazed， amused， astonished， broken， closed， completed， complicated， confused， crowded， deserted， devoted， disappointed， discouraged， dressed， drunk， exhausted， excited， experienced， fadded， fascinated， frightened， hurt， inexperienced， interested， known， learned， lost， married， pleased， puzzled， qualified， satisfied， surprised， tired， unprepared， unqualified， unkown， upset， worried， wounded等。
二、作定语的-ED分词
-ED分词可以作前置定语也可以作后置定语，作后置定语时相当于一个定语从句
1） Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
earn earned to earn was earned
2） On his return from his college， he found the house .
deserting deserted desert to be deserted
3） The age of a geological sample can be estimated from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present in the object is examined .
三、用作状语的-ED分词
这样的-ED分词通常来自及物动词。-ED分词用作状语时，跟-ING分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ED分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though.这时，我们可以把-ED分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。
1. 表示时间
4） Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.
William McKinley's new term looked forward to and
the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
William McKinley looked forward to a new term
2. 表示条件
5） under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.
Seen Sees Seeing To see
6） to steel，chromium（铬） increases the metal's hardness.
Added In addition Adding Adds
7） enough food and water， they could have beaten the enemy.
Being given Given Give
To give3. 表示原因
8） Encouraged by his mother， .
art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.
9） by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.
Angering Having angered Being angry Angered
10） Written in great haste， .
Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report there are plenty of errors in the report
we found several mistakes in his report the books is full of errors.
4. 表示伴随状况：-ED分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时，没有适当的分句可替换
11） was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later，in 1834.
Settling Brooklyn，the Dutch The Dutch settled Brooklyn
Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch Settled by the Dutch，Brooklyn
12） Anna was reading a piece of science fiction， completely to the outside world.
being lost having lost losing lost
5. 表示让步
13） Francis Preston Blair，Jr.， born in Kentucky，lived and practiced law in Missouri.
was he was although who he was
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