2011成考高起点英语语法归纳与练习19

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第十九节 —ED分词（一）
4 j* l1 U' h1 v4 I    -ED分词的用法
; y1 f5 {% i# u! i    一、-ED分词作表语
    The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.
    已经形容词化了的-ED分词大都作表语，常见的有：accomplished， amazed， amused， astonished， broken， closed， completed， complicated， confused， crowded， deserted， devoted， disappointed， discouraged， dressed， drunk， exhausted， excited， experienced， fadded， fascinated， frightened， hurt， inexperienced， interested， known， learned， lost， married， pleased， puzzled， qualified， satisfied， surprised， tired， unprepared， unqualified， unkown， upset， worried， wounded等。
    二、作定语的-ED分词
" U4 F+ t: L( l! F    -ED分词可以作前置定语也可以作后置定语，作后置定语时相当于一个定语从句
% t9 q- Q" w2 z! ~% T7 Z    1） Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
1 ]. c* A$ [' J- R) _    [A] earn [B] earned [C] to earn[D] was earned
1 q% Z" Y1 f: B& G    2） On his return from his college， he found the house .
    [A] deserting[B] deserted[C] desert[D] to be deserted
: m# _' \$ w0 L( i1 y6 M    3） The age [A] of a geological sample can be estimated [B] from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present [C] in the object is examined [D] .
    三、用作状语的-ED分词
' E7 o; ~1 m% ?# O    这样的-ED分词通常来自及物动词。-ED分词用作状语时，跟-ING分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ED分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though.这时，我们可以把-ED分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。
    1. 表示时间
    4） Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.
    [A] William McKinley's new term looked forward to and
    [B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
    [C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
    [D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term
    2. 表示条件
    5） under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.
% p9 Y5 Z9 b& s6 i% Z    [A] Seen [B] Sees [C] Seeing[D] To see
    6） to steel，chromium（铬） increases the metal's hardness.
  R3 f* {# A% _( L9 y4 `+ b    [A] Added [B] In addition [C] Adding[D] Adds
) Q" f2 h, s$ O. I# r9 J2 T- d    7） enough food and water， they could have beaten the enemy.
# I# U8 v* E9 o& q) r; S  w9 C    [A] Being given[B] Given[C] Give
    [D] To give3. 表示原因
    8） Encouraged by his mother， .
    [A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
    [B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
$ L$ q4 U" E/ x6 a6 J    [C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
    [D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.
5 R$ J5 p# o- M. o& M    9） by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.
! V' C/ Z7 H2 a( D4 W) c    [A] Angering [B] Having angered [C] Being angry [D] Angered
' z! I" i; _0 l+ C1 i- `0 J' C    10） Written in great haste， .
    [A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report [B] there are plenty of errors in the report
    [C] we found several mistakes in his report [D] the books is full of errors.
  }- ^% E( x& x0 _8 R( [) h# S8 |; \    4. 表示伴随状况：-ED分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时，没有适当的分句可替换
    11） was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later，in 1834.
' a3 y* E9 ~* Q+ z! ^' |7 J    [A] Settling Brooklyn，the Dutch [B] The Dutch settled Brooklyn
3 M; t' F$ m! _  |& f9 D9 u8 l! M    [C] Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch [D] Settled by the Dutch，Brooklyn
    12） Anna was reading a piece of science fiction， completely to the outside world.
    [A] being lost[B] having lost[C] losing[D] lost
% ~' ~( O0 k; Z; n: ?# S    5. 表示让步
    13） Francis Preston Blair，Jr.， born in Kentucky，lived and practiced law in Missouri.
    [A] was [B] he was [C] although [D] who he was