托福阅读历年真题精选14
Question 30-40Because the low latitudes of the Earth, the areas near the equator, receive more heat
Than the latitudes near the poles, and because the nature of heat is to expand and move,
Heat is transported from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes. Some of this heat is
Line Moved by winds and some by ocean currents, and some gets stored in the atmosphere in
(5)the form of latent heat. The term “latent heat” refers to the energy that has to be used to
Convert liquid water to water vapor. We know that if we warm a pan of water on a stove,
it will evaporate, or turn into vapor, faster than if it is allowed to sit at room temperature.
We also know that if we hang wet clothes outside in the summertime they will dry faster
than in winter, when temperatures are colder. The energy used in both cases to change
(10)liquid water to water vapor is supplied by heat—supplied by the stove in the first case
and by the Sun in the latter case. This energy is not lost. It is stored in water vapor in the
atmosphere as latent heat. Eventually, the water stored as vapor in the atmosphere will
condense to liquid again, and the energy will be released to the atmosphere.
In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun’s incoming energy is used to evaporate
(15)Water, primarily in the tropical oceans. Scientists have tried to quantify this proportion
of the Sun’s energy. By analyzing temperature, water vapor, and wind data around the
globe, they have estimated the quantity to be about 90 watts per square meter, or nearly
30 percent of the Sun’s energy. Once this latent heat is stored within the atmosphere, it
can be transported, primarily to higher latitudes, by prevailing, large-scale winds. Or it
(20)can be transported vertically to higher levels in the atmosphere, where it forms clouds
and subsequent storms, which then release the energy back to the atmosphere.
31. The passage mainly discusses how heat ?
is transformed and transported in the Earth’s atmosphere
is transported by ocean currents
can be measured and analyzed by scientists
moves about the Earth’s equator
32. The passage mentions that the tropics differ from the Earth’s polar regions in which of the following ways?
The height of cloud formation in the atmosphere
The amount of heat they receive from the Sun
The strength of their largescale winds.
The strength of their oceanic currents
33. The word “convert” line 6 is closest in meaning to
mix
change
adapt
reduce
34. Why does the author mention “the stove” in line 10?
To describe the heat of the Sun
To illustrate how water vapor is stored
To show how energy is stored
To give an example of a heat source
托福阅读历年真题精选14
35. According to the passage, most ocean water evaporation occurs especially </p>around the higher latitudesin the tropics
because of large-scale winds
because of strong ocean currents
36. According to the passage, 30 percent of the Sun’s incoming energy
is stored in clouds in the lower latitudes
is transported by ocean currents
never leaves the upper atmosphere
gets stored as latent heat
37. The word “it” in line 18 refers to
square meter
the Sun’s energy
latent heat
the atmosphere
38. The word “primarily” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
chiefly
originally
basically
clearly
39. The word “prevailing” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
essential
dominant
circular
closest
40. All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT
low latitudes (line1)
latent heat (line5)
evaporate (line7)
atmosphere (line140)
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