Question 30-40
/ o3 @& q; \% `( H Because the low latitudes of the Earth, the areas near the equator, receive more heat5 K# q: q0 _( @+ [: l; n x
Than the latitudes near the poles, and because the nature of heat is to expand and move,
: b8 r' a: Q( z4 @+ ?, g# W2 bHeat is transported from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes. Some of this heat is
8 u9 {- Y4 y8 Z8 F% r, @- zLine Moved by winds and some by ocean currents, and some gets stored in the atmosphere in
% T( L2 K# }5 b$ m) L(5) the form of latent heat. The term “latent heat” refers to the energy that has to be used to
9 a% G7 ]: |- O! B: ]% X8 ^Convert liquid water to water vapor. We know that if we warm a pan of water on a stove,
2 e6 D, T' i, N+ n# x2 b5 n( Git will evaporate, or turn into vapor, faster than if it is allowed to sit at room temperature.
( T4 P& E- u+ a! _9 YWe also know that if we hang wet clothes outside in the summertime they will dry faster
& V+ T; S; m, j a6 i0 F, }% sthan in winter, when temperatures are colder. The energy used in both cases to change
+ j' X0 p3 R: e& _- Y7 c(10) liquid water to water vapor is supplied by heat—supplied by the stove in the first case
9 s( T' ?6 B" a" ]5 pand by the Sun in the latter case. This energy is not lost. It is stored in water vapor in the
% d- b1 T2 ^' T6 s9 b! i1 `* [atmosphere as latent heat. Eventually, the water stored as vapor in the atmosphere will( {" P" ^) M2 e2 J/ Y
condense to liquid again, and the energy will be released to the atmosphere.
) e9 h6 F, k( W" ^* W In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun’s incoming energy is used to evaporate 9 p% M* ?! Y: o, t8 ^0 d! k* T( d
(15) Water, primarily in the tropical oceans. Scientists have tried to quantify this proportion 9 i z# H6 D' x) E2 E
of the Sun’s energy. By analyzing temperature, water vapor, and wind data around the $ s2 D$ O$ ]; T# D; G
globe, they have estimated the quantity to be about 90 watts per square meter, or nearly
+ y7 m7 g" ]! f0 U5 C30 percent of the Sun’s energy. Once this latent heat is stored within the atmosphere, it
; k1 d" T a. |- V1 a; N+ Xcan be transported, primarily to higher latitudes, by prevailing, large-scale winds. Or it
3 T( M4 t8 r5 }(20) can be transported vertically to higher levels in the atmosphere, where it forms clouds
, X+ R! Y M8 d* M& T( a/ tand subsequent storms, which then release the energy back to the atmosphere.: I. i3 ?* U3 K0 }& I4 e
1 M. }( v8 F3 h31. The passage mainly discusses how heat ?
+ I3 w! T# q ?6 Ois transformed and transported in the Earth’s atmosphere8 ?: G$ ?* x6 D* J: l
is transported by ocean currents& m; v/ j) C" z# w1 T3 j
can be measured and analyzed by scientists
% A. v2 v8 d; ^3 B8 N1 rmoves about the Earth’s equator
! U& C# i1 s( V" K2 i8 q5 S0 L32. The passage mentions that the tropics differ from the Earth’s polar regions in which of the following ways?
1 V5 W+ N9 }- ?1 pThe height of cloud formation in the atmosphere
3 p$ M, Q' n9 r0 ~5 t1 k" F* HThe amount of heat they receive from the Sun' g: a7 H! _1 P. O
The strength of their largescale winds.
- t( Y1 I& ]) P6 G! }/ e* vThe strength of their oceanic currents
7 s2 b q+ [" ]% c: \: Y$ f* O( E( ]33. The word “convert” line 6 is closest in meaning to
r/ M; v3 `. X* w: b! T" [mix
* H8 a( _4 R' ? \/ ]$ v# E( Uchange
" X3 i) Y. a9 ~# p: madapt
0 f1 A) y7 z1 d' s: freduce
* k" p! Y: b: |# ^" L+ |2 Q34. Why does the author mention “the stove” in line 10?
w- ^+ y) s9 ]3 WTo describe the heat of the Sun& p! P/ \: a/ o3 a' C6 _
To illustrate how water vapor is stored; W. R' P$ u* L$ J G
To show how energy is stored
3 p+ B8 k0 \* u/ xTo give an example of a heat source |